Most of you on this forum likely do not know or have ever heard of a gauge R&R. Most also likely do not understand the concept of accuracy and precision. That's not a slight. This is a difficult concept and much work has been done to define it and apply it to test measuring equipment. I want to start with something most of us know quite well- the bathroom scale. If you are like me, we have a love/hate relationship with our bathroom scale. It's a simple device that can either make or break our day and yet we typically do not think twice about whether or not it is telling us the truth. What do I mean? Well, for starters I can get on my bathroom scale three times consecutively and get three different readings with a range of 2 or more pounds. Even worse, I find that I can move the scale around on the floor and get even more variation. This is one of the newer scales with a digital readout to tenths of a pound. While my bathroom scale indicates a precision of 0.1 lbs, the repeatability is much worse which implies the accuracy is likely off by a few pounds. I don't know because my bathroom scale has no reference back to a standard. I notice the scale at the Doctor's office has much better repeatability. I see just 0- 0.1 lbs variation if I step off and back on again and the Doctor's scale has higher precision based only upon the display showing hundredths of a pound. But I have rarely seen a calibration sticker on the scale in the Doctor's office. I have seen stickers on the scales at a research dept and at the hospital. Probably because they publish reports. Accuracy is typically not well defined. Typically, gages are rated accurate to within a certain percentage of full scale. Let's say a bathroom scale is rated to +/-0.5% of full scale. (Not likely that good for a $30 scale) That means the manufacturer is stating that any reading will be (for a 400 lb scale) within +/-0.5% of 400 lbs or +/- 2 lbs. So I could have lost one pound overnight but my bathroom scale might tell me that I gained one pound! Isn't that frustrating.
What's my point? Let's say you go to the butcher shop and you buy a 10 lb ham. Then you stop by another shop and just to see, you weigh the ham on their scales and find it only weighs 9 lbs. Wouldn't you be upset? How about you stop at the gas station and buy 10 gallons of gasoline only to learn you actually got just 9 gallons. Well, take comfort in knowing that by law those scales and gas pumps are calibrated back to a standard. If you look at the scale at your butcher shop you should see a calibration sticker. The same goes for your local gas pump. Take a look on the face plate of the pump for the calibration sticker.
If we count on these everyday items to telll us the truth then why not expect the same regarding measurements of stereo gear. Knowing that calibration of the equipment to a standard was done, what test equipment was used, and also the procedure so that the measurements can be duplicated or verified by someone else is crucial to know that the data is telling us the truth. Also important is to know how these particular measurement data relate to how the piece of gear performs. For example, I can measure the resistance of two different speaker cables with an Ohmmeter or even a resistance bridge for more precision but still conclude no difference. So why do they sound different? Some speculate that better cables reject RF noise. Sounds reasonable to me. So why hasn't someone published test data showing the RF rejection characteristics of different cables? Maybe they have but I just have not seen it. This would not be easy testing. It would require a Faraday cage and some sophisticated measurement equipment. Still, we cannot and should not take every measurement at face value and make conclusions from that about what we are or are not hearing. I had my own saying in Engineering: "No-one believes the test data except for the person who took it. Everyone believes the calculations except for the person who made them.
