kyleandrus;
unfortunately there is no easy answers to your questions.
nowadays for me,when it comes to building a system [for friends for eg] these are the steps I follow:
1.start by installing a dedicated cuircuit and receptacles.Use Non-nickel plated receptacles,always;the brands are not important.
2.
Treat the room.minimum requirements would be bass traps at the corners and between speakers.
3.Get a good stand.I almost always recommend Finite elemente stuff;their benefits are just too great to ignore.
4.decide on a pair of loudspeakers:these depends on;
a.the kind of music you listen to
b.your room dimensions.A lot of time all you need is a good set of monitor speakers..
5.Choose your amps.The chpoice of your Sp will determine the type of amps you need.For me,If you have less trhan 10 K to spend on amp,it is better to stick with a well made intergrated from specialists company[Neodio,Lavardin'Gamut Etc]
6.Choose your source.As a starter I would suggest you stick with one,Digital or vinyls.
7.Control the resonance of your Speakers and electronics.This is a must for me...Again I like finite elemente stuff a lot.
8.Get a power conditioner.
9.Sort out your cablings.To me at least ,most money should go to ICs.
Sit and Listen to the Music!!!