Now what is the Bayesian model of the brain ?
This will help those who dont know about placebo effects and use the term to insult others as "tin foil hat" invective to be educated before insulting...
Perception is not a passive business, not only it can be trained but it can be untrained by beliefs and by lack of conscious experiments... Perception created in part what is perceived as "music" or meaningful sounds as "speech " ...it is why psycho-acoustic studies of speech perception are so important and deep ...
Goethe and Leonardo da Vinci already described implicitly by their concrete discoveries in many fields how the Bayesian brain work by what Goethe called the active imaginative and prospecting and predictive perception, Goethe called it "gentle empiricism" in contrast to "analytical empiricism"... This method of prospection and prediction is anticipated also as well by Archimedes Method in mathematical physics and observation of natural phenomena as well as by Charles Sanders Peirce the greatest American philosopher among many other geniuses as the Russian Vladimir Vernadsky .. ..
https://goethe-lexicon.pitt.edu/GL/article/view/59
it is why the Bayesian Brain live not PASSIVELY in a Fourier abstracted linear set of maps but ACTIVELY in his own territory in a non linear way and in his own time domain , beating the Fourier uncertainty threshold of frequencies and time ...This is why we can ask for more ecological theory of hearing , and auditory scene analysis ...
I dont expect those who insult others as "tin foil hat" without being able to think by themselves to understand real scientific litterature, as my years with students confirm me about this impossible task , but there is many wise people here .. I post this for them ...
read this :
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6319577/
To go further deep in the Bayesian model of the brain i suggest Karl Friston articles or youtube interviews... Very deep...
«1. Introduction
The standard and ideal biomedical model of symptom perception treats the brain largely as a passive stimulus-driven organ. It embraces the notion that the brain absorbs sensory signals from the body and converts them, directly, into conscious experience. Accordingly, biomedicine operates under the assumption that symptoms are the direct consequences of physiological dysfunction and improvement is the direct consequence of the restoration of bodily function. Despite its success, the biomedical model has failed to provide an adequate account of 2 well-demonstrated phenomena in medicine: (1) the experience of symptoms without pathophysiological disruption, and (2) the experience of relief after the administration of placebo treatments. This topical review advances the idea that “predictive processing,” a Bayesian approach to perception that is rapidly taking hold in neuroscience, significantly helps accommodating these 2 phenomena. It expands on recent high-quality empirical work on predictive processing1,7,19,24 and outlines, more broadly, how Bayesian models offer an altogether different picture of how the brain perceives symptoms and relief.
CONCLUSION:
Symptoms without a physical cause and relief through placebo intervention are anomalies for the biomedical model of disease. The Bayesian approach to perception explains and accommodates these 2 phenomena. It exposes placebo and nocebo effects, not as aberrant events, but as facets of the overall modus operandi of the nervous system. It shows, also, that these act on the same inferential processes as “real” disease and “real” treatments do. The implication of this approach is that, to be truly patient-focused, medicine must attend to the predictive process that lies at the basis of symptom perception, and thereupon evaluate what efficient courses of action can lead the brain to predict the body’s health.»
