Inactive speakers in the room...any effect?


A recent thread degenerated into a discussion about whether an inactive speaker in the listening room affects the sound of active speakers. I should have been more tactful, and called it a "hypothesis" instead of a "myth".

Now, a hypothesis can be proven by analytic means or by experiment. This particular hypothesis, from the analytic approach, is very unlikely to be true. So, we go on to an experiment.

A listening test was described where a group of listeners were unanimous in saying that sound quality was degraded by an inactive speaker. (By the way, I don't understand why, if there were any effect, it would have to be a degradation rather than an improvement).

However, to be acceptable as a proof, the experiment would need to be done as follows:
1. The inactive speaker should be introduced and removed from the room in such a way that the subjects, and the person conducting the experiment, cannot tell if it is in or out.
2. The listening test should be performed a number of times. A dozen might be sufficient. More would be better, but the subjects would get bored and results would be degraded.
3. The subjects should record their observations (Speaker IN/Speaker OUT) in such a manner that they do not know how the others are voting.
4. The results must be tabulated and analyzed in a statistically valid way.

I doubt that the reported experiment was done this way. It apparently convinced the subjects, but does not constitute a proof acceptable to an objective non-participant like me. Lacking a valid experiment, I must rely on the analytic approach, and find the hypothesis untrue.

Another game that would be fun would be to conduct the experiment in the manner that I suspect it was done, where everyone knew when the speaker was in or out, but use a speaker that, unknown to the subjects, has had its cones immobilized with glue and the vent (if any) closed off.
I think I know how that would come out if the subjects were believers. (Or, for that matter, if they were nonbelievers). This exercise would indicate how much confidence should be put in the experiment that was done.

Are we having fun yet?
eldartford
I've done the experiment, and in fact have done it many times. I did it with unsuspecting customers at the audio shop I used to work at, and didn't even tell them that I was doing it, or anything. I would tell them afterwards, and they were all typically amazed that it was just another little speaker in the room making the difference.

We had a single speaker(pair) system listening room in the shop for demo purposes of the higher end systems. We'd do the demos and try some different components and speakers until we found something the customer liked pretty well. Only the active set of speakers was present in the room. Then I'd go out of the room, and come back with a cordless telephone handset, like I was just finishing up a call(phone turned off). I'd put the phone down on the small table next to the listening chair, and then put on another record. Almost every time, the customer wondered what happened to the sound of the system. There were no apparent changes to the components. After a little conversation about it, I revealed that I had brought the phone into the room and put it on the table, and that he was hearing the adverse effects of the re-radiations of sound from the telephone speaker. Then I'd take the phone out of the room and play the record again. Sound was magically restored. Then I explained why a single pair of speakers in the demo room was important for auditioning purposes. I probably did this over a hundred times, with as many different customers. To this day, I never have any other speaker in my listening room. Not even a television speaker or computer speaker or a telephone speaker.

Now I'm not going to say that everyone will notice this in every home listening environment. But in a dedicated room with good setup, and a reference grade audio system, it is definitely a factor. Maybe a somewhat minor factor, but an audible one.

Some may doubt this, but I am relating to you a real life experience that we did use in our audio shop for years. I have first hand experience with this, and knew what I was doing. People may nay-say or try to come up with some kind of reason why this can't happen, but I'm here to tell you that it does happen, and is repeatable as per my experiences.
Eldartford, perhaps I was not clear in my original response, But I am comfortable in suggesting that the first 3 criterion were fullfilled ( if not quite a dozen times, quite close, further more some the listeners had the opportunity to do this on more than one occassion spanning a couple of days). As for the statistical tabulation and analysis, I think the unanimous response satisfies that criterion. Do I think that a unanimous response will always be typical, heck no. I do think most people can discern the difference.
Tom, did you ever try putting a pair of inactive speakers in the lower corners of the front wall behind the active speakers?
Wellfed, no I have not tried that, although I have heard of the practice being used for tailoring the room for bass response. However more than just the bass is being re-radiated. I'd prefer to use a more specifically designed item for that purpose.
I think the original thought on the existence of other speakers in the listenroom had less to do with whether or not you could hear the disconnected speaker, but how their presence could alter the sound of the main speakers. The concept was that without other speakers present the sound could only be attributable to the speakers being demo'd. The falacy with this was that the room itself was a major contributor to the sound as was everything else in it. You still wouldn't know how the speakers would really sound 'til you got them home in your room. This was for me just another audio salon gimmick to add credibility to their image. However, regarding testing, I think it is clear that anything introduced into a listening room will alter its sound. If you disagree, just imagine bringing in plain boxes into the room, one at a time, and thereby changing the volume of and reverberation patterns with each box introduced, until the room was full of boxes. Ditto books, plants, vases, etc. When you add speakers you also introduce things which can vibrate and this will further alter the sound. The only remaining question is at what point does the change in the sound become audible? I think the answer to that question is that it will depend on the quality of the listener's hearing and their knowledge of the acoustics of the listening room and its equipment. I've always thought it humerous to read about listening tests, blind or otherwise, done by panels in rooms where the listeners were seated in various positions, as opposed to having one listening position and letting each listener have the sweet seat (after they have accoustomed themselves to the sound of the equipment and the room. In my experience if you are not perfectly positioned any really subtle changes in sound will be lost. And if you can hear differences when you are substantially off axis there are not subtle ones theat needed to be tested to be proved. Anyway, thats my view.