I can help here. I'll keep it simple and stick to the 800 series. Essentially the smaller the number, the bigger the speaker. 805 is the smallest bookshelf speakers of the 800 series (been this way since the early 90s) then 804 is the smallest floor stander and 800/801 are the rarest and largest floor standers of the 800 series.
Series wise, starting with the 800 Matrix series in the 90s, followed by the Nautilus series, then the S series, then the D (aka. Diamond) series, then D2 (aka. Diamond 2), D3 and the latest series is called the D4.