Your example is an absolute identification test. As noted this is not applicable to the discussion. You seem to be missing the point. If you have AB and X. And have a definite "preference" for A, then when x=A, that preference should replicate. You try wine A and B side by side. You claim you prefer A to B. Now I give you wine X. Do you claim you prefer it to wine B? If so, it must be A right? What if it is actually B? That means your "preference" was random.
They have studies with patients who have zero long term memory.
Every day they fail an X test by failing to identify people with whom
they've interacted with repeatedly.
I suspect if you instructed people to base their identification
judgments in an abx solely on preference they'd do significantly better.
Actually what results in better ability is training in the characteristics of differences. The natural tendency is to rely on "preference", which is very fickle.
Nonetheless, they form adaptive preferences for these individuals based
on whether those past interactions have been positive or negative.
Which would require learned neural patterns. This is not related to directly to ABx and more related to why blind testing is necessary to ensure the learned neural patterns for looks are removed from sonic decisions. However as applied to ABx, those learned neural patterns should trigger the same for A and for A=x, as opposed to B. It is also why training improves ABx as you develop additional neural pathways for characteristic detection which is what preference is.