Absolute top tier DAC for standard res Redbook CD

"Steve (Empirical Audio), is it safe to say your Final Drive is virtually a Music First or Bent TAP-X without a volume control?"

Essentially yes, except for the transformer quality. I have an all-silver Music First and the FD beats it hands-down. The FD is in two chassis on purpose, so the fields do not interact. I use better switches than the MF. The MF also has some strange wiring in it, different for left and right channels on grounding...

Steve N.
Empirical Audio

" I know Steve Nugent made the comment that Rowland has a darker tinge to it"

Actually, I was talking about Mark Levinson. I have had Rowland, ML and Pass Labs preamps in the house. None of them lit my fire. Like most components, I needed to mod them and even then, not spectacular. These were older models though. Some of these guys have learned some lessons I think.

Steve N.
Empirical Audio

Guido - the Final Drive is only for analog outputs, not AES/EBU or S/PDIF inputs.

Steve N.
Empirical Audio

In fact, the Aeris is currently a bit bright if anything.

Bright as compared to what? I based my thoughts on your response to the MA-1 in particular. That is not typically perceived as a overly bright or hyper detailed dac but can reveal crappy Redbook files for what they are:

File density. Primarily, increased data density seems to net greater ambient retrieval. Space appears. With it the venue acoustics turn 'wetter'. Minuscule reverb interactions come more to the fore as performer auras. Reducing file density from 24/192 to 16/44 dries out the apparent acoustics. This puts the focus on just the performers. It eliminates much contextual data which previously interfaced the performers with the physical space in which they performed. It's quite similar to overdamping a room. Lower resolution mirrors higher damping and how too much absorption progressively kills off not just room reflections but also the musical charge or energy of the playback. In that sense hi-rez isn't about more primary stuff. It's about more secondary and tertiary stuff. Short hand might call that a lot more audible space.

A parallel perception is of greater fluidity. Lower resolution appears stiffer and starker. As resolution increases, more nuanced microdynamics flow into this feel. That greater differentiation of micro swings translates into more ebb and flow, into greater inner motion and from there into greater listener e-motion. Finally treble performance becomes more sophisticated particularly with as revealing a tweeter as the Raal ribbon in my Aries Cerat Gladius speaker. But the most profound benefit from higher resolution—at least to my ears—really is the superior ambient recovery or dimensional context.

DSD vs. PCM. The dsf/dff files compared directly to their PCM equivalents all exhibited the same slightly sweet slightly soft texture. As perhaps a deeply PCM-engrained listener who couldn't make the quick transition, I soon related to this as an admittedly pleasing but nonetheless minor coloration. Sharing this with Morton, his terse reply was comforting. Exactly my experience. There's a kind of Hollywood soft focus to DSD. Those who concur to prefer high-resolution PCM (someone could acknowledge this DSD effect but be partial to it*1) might refocus from streaming DSD to playing back PCM at up to 24/352.

Sixmoons

Thus the need for a slightly softer SS or tubed dac particularly in light of your room and primary source material.

Brightness is of course subjective, however there are some key things in a DAC design that can cause this perception:

1) out of balance dynamic response

This occurs when the power subsystem cannot respond exactly the same speed to a low-frequency transient as a high-frequency transient. Low frequency transients require power reserves. High-frequency transients require fast regulation and low ESR decoupling caps. Even though the DAC measures perfect for frequency response, the dynamic response can be and usually is out of kilter. It requires both excellent voltage regulators as well as optimum mixes and locations of decoupling caps to achieve the correct balance.

2) Compression

Compression is when the active stages, whether discrete, op-amps or tubes cannot react linearly under all circumstances. Circumstances such as high energy bass, high-level signals or fast transients can sometimes push active stages too far and they cannot react linearly. They may behave differently when amplifying low-level signals versus high-level signals. Local heating in integrated circuits or current sharing in the on-die power distribution can cause this. Power supply and decoupling can also play a role. Reflections of significant power back to the output driver can cause it to go non-linear (see #3).

3) insufficient output drive or reflections

The output drive must have low-impedance. It must behave the same when driving difficult loads and easy loads. However, like a high-Q cable, a low output impedance and fast slew-rate has its downside: It must be critically damped for HF reflections. Many DACs do not have any termination and this can cause harshness at the leading edges due to HF reflections. Even though reflections are an RF or digital phenomena, these can occur on the output cable. The question is whether these affect the behavior of the output driver or not. It is best to put a treatment there to address this IME.

Steve N.
Empirical Audio