I will recommend two cartridges in your budget, but neither are a good match for your turntable and tonearm:
1- London Decca Gold, $1,200. Simply the most revealing cartridge and widest soundstage I have ever heard. Detailed but not bright, sterile or fatiguing. Can be used with any MM phono stage but sounds best with specific loading.
2- Any Ortofon SPU, but as an entry I would recommend the SPU #1 w/ either conical or elliptical stylus, under $650. My favorite on a budget would the Classic GM E MkII, $1,100. Revealing (not as much as the more expensive versions) but very musical. Very low output, requires a high gain phono stage or an SUT. I like the Ortofon ST-80SE w/ SPUs.
Both of these cartridges are "old school" but very modern sounding. What both of these cartridge families share that almost all new cartridges lack is great separation of individual sounds (so you can hear each instrument) and a big, wide soundstage.