Thermal Distortion your loudspeaker most likely suffers from it. But do you care?


 Thermal Distortion is much more serious than just a maximum power handling limitation or side effect.TD is overlooked by most manufacturers as there is no easy (low cost) solution and TD is audible and measurable most of the time at most power levels. TD is caused by the conductive metal (aluminum, copper, or silver) voice coil getting hotter when you pass electrical energy through it. The more power you pass through it the hotter the metal gets. The hotter the metal gets the more the electrical resistance increase. The efficiency goes down and you need to ram in more and more power for smaller and smaller increases in SPL. It can be the reason you get fatigued while listening. If you are running massive power you are creating more TD in your transducers. But do you care? And is it a reason some prefer horn-loaded designs or SET-powered systems since they have the least problems with TD? 

128x128johnk

Your welcome!  

@larryi

Not only does heat affect the voice coil, to the extent the heat gets into the magnetic structure, flux is affected which further adds to thermal compression.

Yes That is one of the many reason for using ALNICO in permanent magnet speakers, it's impervious to heat so it's flux is not affected by the change in temperature.

Finally, I might add that although the paper does not mention this, heating of the components in the crossover will add to compression.  

You are correct I think you can fix that with an active crossover. 😁

 

 

VERY good information to add to my (limited) knowledge base.

Might also explain why it's extremely difficult for me to endure the 3rd (and featured) act of live performances?  As the evening progresses, the "tech" running the sound board bumps the sound levels up a few db during intervals.  By the time it gets to the 3rd set, it's downright painful.  The additive effects of distorted, dynamically compressed sound accompanied by much louder average sound levels is not what an aging audiophile appreciates at a live music venue.

@ditusa --

"Yes That is one of the many reason for using ALNICO in permanent magnet speakers, it’s impervious to heat so it’s flux is not affected by the change in temperature."

Alnico magnet’s were/are sometimes prone to demagnetize:

... there was one major disadvantage in Alnico loudspeakers that would have to be addressed � the susceptibility to permanent demagnetization due to overpowering.

This phenomenon is a result of variability in strength of the permanent magnetic field caused by interference from the voice coil�s electromagnetic field. This is referred to as flux modulation and is a leading cause of distortion in any dynamic loudspeaker. The electromagnetic field generated in the coil pushes against the global magnetic field set up by the permanent magnet and return circuit, causing it to �bend�. Under normal operating conditions, Alnico magnets actually resist this bending better than most other magnet materials. However, should this shift become large enough, it will exceed the coercivity of Alnico and cause it to partially demagnetize.

http://www.audioheritage.org/html/projectmay/technology/1500al.htm

Though in most cases, not least with high efficiency drivers used domestically I gather there are no real drawbacks with Alnico magnets to speak of.

@fiesta75 --

"You’ve got more to worry about in passive crossovers than heat"

Not least that they’re there in the first place, and their more complex iterations usually make matters worse. Heat at some point only adds to those issues, and used in low efficiency speakers this will only be more prevalent.

High eff. horn speakers ideally, or at least often call for steep filter slopes to avoid out-of-band irregularities, and as such active filters offer themselves much better here compared to passive XO’s.

 

Good info on Alnico magnets. They can be re-energized fairly easily too. I still enjoy them even with the increase Neodymium offers