What is the science behind audiophile fuses?


There were many threads on the topic of "audiophile fuses" on this forum, and I sure don't want to open old wounds and trench warfare. The fuse on my preamp blew suddenly two days ago, which prompted me to search for a replacement. That's when I came across the term "audiophile fuse" and the fact that they demand far-out prices. Deeper curiosity brought me to several other fora, where users posted glowing praises about their Zero fuses and other exotica. Now I am a scientist, but not a physicist or electrical engineer: so please enlighten me! How can a fuse have an audible influence on the signal, when the signal does not even pass through it? How can a fuse be "directional" when it deals with alternate current? I mean, if I recall my university physics, a fuse is basically a safety valve and nothing more. Am I completely missing an important point here? My scientific field is drug discovery, and because of this background I am thoroughly familiar with the power and reality of the placebo effect. I that's what I am seeing here, or is it real physics? I need objective facts and not opinions, please. I really appreciate your help!

 
128x128reimarc

Showing 2 responses by reimarc

Thanks to everyone and your at times spirited responses. And no, I am not a "puppy seal" asking apparently innocuous questions only to stir up the pot. I am a scientist and a curious one at that. I learned that a fuse is indeed part of the circuit, in series, not in parallel: not the signal circuit itself but the part that supplies the power for proper operation. I also learned that the fuse-material itself (alloy, etc.) shares the characteristics of a resistor, one that "blows" when too much current flows through it. As such, it would make sense, that in a highly dynamic amplifier setting, for split-seconds a sub-optimal level of current would be available to amplify the signal in true fidelity. In so far, the use of materials that have less resistance and yet still fulfill their safety-valve function would make sense - at least theoretically. But what about audio practice? Will one actually HEAR the difference? Or let me re-phrase: will someone with average ears (in my case age-relatedly compromised) and a sub $50K system with enjoyable but probably not stellar performance hear such a difference?

Yesterday I went to the annual "Exotics on Broadway" exhibition in Seaside, part of the world-famous Monterey Car Weekend. Exotic supercars and so-called hyper-cars, some of them costing multiple millions of Dollars, are on public display there for everyone to admire and talk to the developers/dealers for free. If you are into state-of-the-art automotive "art", that’s a place not to miss. I do love looking at these cars, I admit. But driving one? My Tesla S leaves still many of them in the rear mirror, and doing so without the ear-splitting noise of a 1,500 horsepower engine. The same goes for my stereo set-up: I tremendously enjoy what I got in terms of delivering listening joy every night - with Bussmann fuses, mind you. But I also know, that certain tweaks can indeed make a noticeable difference: I recently replaced my Mogami XLR ICs with all-silver, shielded ones from Taiwan, and yes: even I with my compromised hearing could immediately hear the difference; and no: no confirmation bias here, which I thoroughly understand on a professional level, and in any case, the new ICs were rather affordable. So, would I be able to hear such a difference by replacing my Home-Depot fuse (which came standard with my all-tube preamp)? Perhaps, but I don’t really think so; also, because exotic fuses - if they have their audio reason to exist - would probably exerting their "magic" in an amp rather than in a pre - and probably in a much more sensitive, i.e. costly, one, than the ones I use. But that I don’t really know. What I do know, however, that as scientists we always stay on the shoulders of giants (Feynman citation, I believe), and yes, a fundamental characteristic of good science is not to be dogmatic (we do not "believe" in science), but critical nevertheless. Let the data speak. In my case, the "data" are being delivered to my analytical brain through my ears, and not through a sophisticated measuring device, which might indeed pick up differences from audiophile fuses, albeit - at least in my case- inaudible ones. So be it: I "measure" performance along the coordinates of enjoyment and cost, like - I am sure - do many of you. And with the data at hand, and your delightful and sometimes informative comments, I will probably abstain of paying hundreds of $$ for a tweak that I might not be able to hear with the gear, and ears, I got. Again, thanks to all!

 

I had to jump in once more: mitch2 made a note-worthy comment about the role of capacitors in an amp or pre. They are there to satisfy demand for peak power in highly dynamic musical passages. The quicker they respond the better - and the more they cost: here, high cost directly translates into audio quality.

Many contributions seem to try relativizing the role of what they call "science" in assessing effects of audiophile fuses, going so far as to claim we don't even understand the "true" nature of electricity. Well, as far as every-day electricity is concerned, I think Maxwell gave us everything we need to make accurate predictions (which is what science is about). Yes, on the quantum level we might still be in the modeling phase, but that degree of granularity bears most probably no influence on the audio experience. I mean, even the LHC in Geneva uses the same basic electricity and electro-engineering principles, all the way to superconductivity. Now, room-temperature superconductivity might indeed breed a new and better generation of audio equipment, but just not yet. And no, I won't be using liquid Helium anytime soon to fire up my audio gear. As for all matters in life the same tenet holds for scientific claims: extraordinary claims warrant extraordinary evidence! The audiophile experience should not be a religion, lest we fall into the trap of "believe" vs. "evidence". My original question should have been more focused perhaps: "Can anyone in this esteemed forum share  experiences - good or bad - with so-called audiophile fuses?" Formulating my question in this way should exclude theorizing on either side of the opinion-spectrum, namely dogma without supporting or damaging evidence. And to satisfy this demand, we do not even have to resort to Einstein or Maxwell, or Lord Kelvin with his infamous statement about human flight. No, we just have to sit down and listen: do we enjoy what we hear? Do we enjoy it more after exchanging one fuse for another? Do we perhaps hear new things in a familiar recording? It's really simple, actually, and quite down-to-earth. But it requires ear-wax removal - in the literal and metaphorical sense - to lead to accurate and valid and reproducible results. That's the only information I was after when posting my original question. Only AFTER we have the data from these experiences - hopefully with more users having similar experiences  (moving towards statistical relevance here), should we begin to make sense of our observations, and perhaps even formulate a new hypothesis trying to explain what we observed that cannot be accurately explained by existing theories. That's how science works, not the other way around.