Capacitors: Who is Right? What ages them faster?


Power supply electrolytics - the main thing audiophiles worry about getting old and having to replace.

What's the truth here?

Manufacturers can be quoted as saying the life expectancy of caps is anywhere from 10 - 15 years. Is this true? Why is it that Krell amps seem to need capacitor changes in 8 years, while people have receivers from the 70's that never had caps replaced?

Another controversy, with three viewpoints:

(1) I was told that caps age faster in amps that are left on continuously. The rationale here is that the lack of a discharge cycle is not good for the caps since they are in a constantly charged state.

(2) Others claim that leaving a unit unused in a box for years also shortens the life of the caps, as they never see a charge.

(3) Others say the lifespan is the same whether on the shelf, or in the unit.

Who has the technical background or the knowledge to sort this out?
kevziek
Arthur,
I spoke to Nelson Pass today. He said that, over time, the fluid in the cap slowly dissipates from the cap, until it eventually dries out. He believes that if the amp is left on, the higher ambient temperature is accelerating the process, but by how much, he didn't seem sure.

Your colleague is probably more knowledgeable than Pass is on this issue, since this is his profession. I'll be very interested in his answers......
Kevziek: Most of Nelson Pass' amps are of a high bias design and run hot. Leaving them on exposes the caps to a greater amount of heat, so they will end up "cooking" themselves and drying out. Then again, if one turns the amp off and on as needed, the caps are exposed to big temperature swings from the amp being stone cold and then coming up to operating temperature. Doing this repeatedly stresses the caps more than leaving them turned on all the time. That is, so long as the amp has proper ventilation both internally and externally to begin with.

This is not to mention that leaving them on reduces the amount of exposure to high levels of in-rush current. It is in-rush current that damages equipment the most due to the huge surges involved and the rapid internal temperature changes that take place when this occurs. This is why light bulbs typically blow when turning them on, not once they are already on.

Other than that, Seandtaylor did a nice job. GS's comments are right in the ball park too, but one has to realize that not all caps are made the same or have the same spec's and reliability. For that matter, caps from the same manufacturer and of the same product line may differ due to variances in the dielectrics used from batch to batch. Some batch's of products are much better / reliable than others.

As a side note, just a while back i pulled some caps from an amp that Nelson designed and released in appr 1990. While this amp is 13 years old and idles at about 130* at the heatsink, it has been on 24/7 for over three years. With all of that in mind, the electrolytics in the power supply actually tested above their rated values by almost 20%. Needless to say, i didn't replace them as there was no need. Sean
>
Sean: I don't know if you are correct about the caps being exposed to high heat. Nelson said that he has always run the caps considerably below the rated temps. He mentioned 55 degrees C, while ratings are 85 C. The heat sinks may be absorbing the bulk of the heat, while the internal components remain cooler. I'm not sure on this, though.
Hi guys, very interesting subject. My system uses four Linn Klouts in an active mode (electronic crossover inside the amp), each amp has eight 63DCV/10,000uf capacitors. This amps run very hot, I have always wondered if the heat or age would damage or wear them. Could someone please advise me on how to check them? Can it be done with a digital multimeter? Thanks.
All the time, and to allow a minimum of 48 hours for settling prior to listening??

This is in the Threshold owners manual. Just a thought.

loontoon