VTL Maximal with a 5K ohm output impedance.
Wow that’s hi, I can understand it would be a no go (1:5) with the 25kohm of the Belles. But with an amp of 50kohms or higher (>1:10 ratio) as you found out with the Advent it was fine.
Remember back in those days the "industry standard" for input impedance of amps and preamp’s was 47kohm and that VTL would have been happy then as it was made then, and sources were very low in output volts phono ect and also high in output impedance, and you needed preamp’s for the extra gain they gave. But today gain is not the issue, as Nelson Pass says "we have too much."
Where today source have output stages that are the equal sometimes better than preamps, with high output voltage more than >2v, with low output impedance less than <100 ohms output impeance, and many amps today only need 0.5v to 1v for them to give their full wattage before clipping, and we have >2v available from our sources, do the math.
Cheers George