High-end TT setup with phono stage built in

Yes, SME Synergy. Not only all in one, but also one of the best turntables in the world at any price. Maybe even the best, period:

https://sme.co.uk/audio/product/synergy/

Why not just use a preamp or an integrated amp with a built in phono stage? 

I'm with brf.  It seems that's what you want, as an alternative to the SME Synergy type of solution (where the phono stage is built in to the TT).  And as someone else wrote, you could buy one of the many tiny, inexpensive, yet good phono stages now available and park them very close to your TT. Such a box could even be hard-wired to the tonearm (to avoid an extra pair of ICs in the signal path). Where have we gone wrong in our understanding of your post?

The SME Synergy doesn’t really solve the OP’s goal as there’s still an extra box to deal with. Any of the true all-in-ones are entry level units. As already mentioned, the best compromise is getting one of the small form factor phono stages and mounting it in an inconspicuous location. 

*If* I were looking for a TT with built-in phono preamp the Rose Gold Shinola Runwell Turntable would be a consideration. That would be for purely aesthetic reasons and a hail mary for the VPI engineering and support.