Your room is about like mine. I'm a tad taller.
Find out the eff and impedances of your speakers.... or at least what were you using to drive them with before thinking about going 5.1.
Any recent receiver with HDMI will also have other video outputs your current TV can use. If 4:3 your cable box will likely be able to give you 1080I.... maybe 720p but the picture size will shrink.
Look at the Receivers listed above and shoot for at least the 120wpc @ 8 ohm, more will be best. 140wpc is what my onkyo says it outputs into 2ch. But it did drive my speakers without issues yet I found it lacking in control & definition, even rated at 140. As was said, many recievers rate their power unlike the common amplifier only types do.
Perhaps finding a rec that will give you a gohst center ch or virtual center ch will help out immediately and a center ch can be added later. Onkyo won't do that for you. sony does. I'm sure other's do as well.
I'd say do a 15 inch sub in that room... I've tried to use lesser ones to no good end. My DD15 does pretty good but another one would be better.
For big bang movies only, Definitive Tech makes some super cubes and a reference that are pretty good choices.
For under $1500 you should do fine with speaker cable, ICs, receiver, and sub. Maybe less.