herman,
E-field is due to charge differential, which is a factor of electrons everywhere in the circuit all at once. Moving charges, i.e. moving electrons in traditional model or (photons quantum model) leads to magnetic field (b-field). Energy vector is integrated cross-product of e-field and b-field over the whole circuit which points to the load always. The b-field and e-field change direction, but the product of them does not.
So while energy transfer is one way, AC is bidirectional and has different field directions for the electric and magnetic fields.
Charge does move, whether very slow, or what is effectively back and force in one place.
E-field is due to charge differential, which is a factor of electrons everywhere in the circuit all at once. Moving charges, i.e. moving electrons in traditional model or (photons quantum model) leads to magnetic field (b-field). Energy vector is integrated cross-product of e-field and b-field over the whole circuit which points to the load always. The b-field and e-field change direction, but the product of them does not.
So while energy transfer is one way, AC is bidirectional and has different field directions for the electric and magnetic fields.
Charge does move, whether very slow, or what is effectively back and force in one place.