@jea48 , perhaps you know nothing you try to talk about. what you've posted comes from the same basics of prior educational university text books. Ralph Morrison isn't describing such basics. He is describing what can be done and how, but at the end any Electric Current within an enclosed and loaded electric circuit is nothing else as ordered (or directed as described by Ralph) motion of electrons. Find more basic college textbooks on Electrical Engineering, basics of Charge and Ohm's law.