SUT - electrical theory and practical experience

20k?

Dear @alexberger  : Tamura are if not the best out transformers one of the best out there.

Now, you are just fine with those 26db of gain and if you want improve that SUT then take off all those impedance swiths and let direct solder to the one with your EMT.

R.

Dear @lewm  : can be very competitive with the best voltage driven stage. "

Why do you think that Palmer choosed voltage instead current design?

R.

@intactaudio 

One "gotcha" many people run into is dynamically overloading the input of the phono.  

With the current trend of higher output cartridges like the Atlas being paired with the typical 1:20+ SUT intended for LOMC's I see this type dynamic overload happening al lot.  

This in my view is more important than loading. most vintage transformers have too much gain for todays phono stages. - especially solid state phono stages where high frequency overload margins can be much lower.

During the covid lockdowns I pulled out all my transformers and ran a series of tests with several cartridges ranging from 3-40 ohms internal impedance with each of the transformers.

The testing confirmed for me -

• Most important is getting the gain structure right for the cartridge and phono. This has more impact on the sound quality than the load the cartridge sees ( assuming the load is reasonable ).
• Each of the transformers had sound characteristics that were easily discernible regardless of what the cartridge internal impedance was.
• The actual load that the cartridge sees is less important than the gain structure and interface between the transformer and phono.
• I do not like any additional loading ( primary or secondary ) on the transformer.
• Cable has a massive impact on sound quality and characteristics.

On a couple of the transformers I was able to reconfigure for a range of gain structures - in each of these instances I preferred the lowest gain setting required to get the phono operating at about 1/3 volume setting. Phono used was a tube phono with 42db gain.

One oddity was that I preferred the cheaper Altec 4722 to the higher spec Altec 4629 on a Denon 103, but this was the one exception - with my other 40 ohm cartridges the 4629's were better.

As an aside one of several SUT's I have is a pair of Altec/Peerless 4629's ( same as 4665 ). Have you ever tested these comparing the Altec 4629/4665 transformers loaded at 47k vs 70/80k as designed ?

The other question I have is the input capacitance of tube phonos - most of which will have 150-200pf - have you found whether this adversely affects the transformers ?

Lastly fyi with a pair of top of the line Jensens which have been designed to be used with a recommended zobel network I have experimented with scoping the load ( using the cartridge resistance as a load ) and tweaking the zobel network for each cartridge - this was beneficial - the improvements were quite audible,

Overall the current sensing step up ( a custom bespoke design from a cartridge manufacturer/designer ) that I have ( into the same 42db tube phono ) outperforms all of the transformers in bass extension, midrange information and transparency regardless of internal impedance - my current sensing unit works with 3 - 40 ohm cartridges no problems, but I have experienced variable results with some of the commercially available units such as the ESE Labs Nibiru and BMC.

One interesting trait is that with the SUT's I can spend hours dialling in the VTA, and still be unsure, whereas if I plug the current sensing unit in VTA is a doddle, the optimum is clearly audible - and then if I plug the SUT back in voila. The transparency of the current sensing unit used in conjunction with a tube phono I have is thus far unassailable - including some other highly regarded phono's such as Klyne System 7/Jadis  etc that I have owned.

Raul, with regard to your question above, who is “Palmer”?  Anyway I hope I conveyed my opinion that current driven phono stages are not categorically better than voltage driven ones. They’re just a novel approach to an old problem. Again, in my opinion.