What I find interesting is that you didn’t mention having to adjust volume when switching between USB and AES during your test. Do you remember having to make adjustments to match the differences in output levels or is just that there weren’t any differences?
I also have a Lumin U2 Mini which is output via AES into an Aqua La Scala Optologic dac. While I haven’t compared the differences between my MacBook Pro and the Lumin while streaming the same service I do know there is a huge difference when using the Lumin to stream local files (NAS) as opposed to playing local files directly through the dac via SPDIF.
Honestly I’m with you when it comes to the value considerations of Uber expensive streamers. As I only stream for auditioning music to purchase I find the Lumin U2 Mini to be a very good device. I previously had used a Sonos Connect and the Lumin definitely provided a few steps up in sound quality. While I have no explanations for the results of your comparison I wouldn’t be bummed out about the purchase.