Are you sure you aren't using the Home Theater bypass inputs?
But looking at the underside photo on the web site, it actually *is* possible that the KT150 worked. There's a zener or diode wired from pin 8 to pin 7 on the rectifier sockets, and that's where the B+ is taken from. Maybe the the KT150 was acting as a half-wave rectifier, with the screen as the plate? It wouldn't be elegant but it might work.
I will say, I have to hand it to PrimaLuna for designing a preamp that's fool-proof enough that dropping a totally inappropriate tube into the rectifier slot doesn't result in a catastrophy. ;-) No knock on you, audiodidact. It happens. Much worse damage can occur when an octal tube's key is broken and the tube gets inserted in ways that can cause some serious damage. It's possible the KT150s could have continued to operate that way, but it wouldn't be wise. Sorry you lost the magic, but best to stick with a true rectifier tube.
But speaking of magic, you might want to try a pair of Mullard GZ32's. Should not cause any problems, and that's a really magical rectifier, IMO.