Shadorne...How many bits you need depends on the size of the bits. Lets suppose that the analog signal dynamic range going in to the A/D is 0 to 1.5 volts. If I make each bit 0.5 volts I can cover the range (represent a 1.5 volt sine wave) with just three bits. (Sign and two bit magnitude).
0 1 1 ..... -1.5 volts
0 1 0 ..... -1.0 volts
0 0 1 ..... -0.5 volts
1 0 0 ..... +0.0 volts
1 0 1 ..... +0.5 volts
1 1 0 ..... +1.0 volts
1 1 1 ..... +1.5 volts
Obviously the resolution is terible! If I make each bit 0.05 volts the resolution will be better, but I will need a lot more bits.
Until you decide upon a particular bit scaling, and analog signal gain the dynamic range and number of bits are not related.
0 1 1 ..... -1.5 volts
0 1 0 ..... -1.0 volts
0 0 1 ..... -0.5 volts
1 0 0 ..... +0.0 volts
1 0 1 ..... +0.5 volts
1 1 0 ..... +1.0 volts
1 1 1 ..... +1.5 volts
Obviously the resolution is terible! If I make each bit 0.05 volts the resolution will be better, but I will need a lot more bits.
Until you decide upon a particular bit scaling, and analog signal gain the dynamic range and number of bits are not related.