The correct internal-inductance of Windfeld cart.?

Axel, No one is arguing with your logic, and I am not foxed. I will leave it to Dave (Intactaudio) to comment on the second half of your post. Dave knows more about transformers than both of us. I did learn something from your story, so thanks.

Hi Lewm,
excellent all’s as clear as can be, jolly good show.
I, incidentally, didn't imply you where arguing my logic, hm. Sorry if it sounded that way.

One fact remains that I was 'foxed' at the start with SUTs, and there are a-plenty reviewers that seem to be utterly oblivious of the possibility of loading SUTs, never mind the issues surrounding primary or secondary loading... However, they merrily do review the product (SUT) and tell you how it sounds.

If I would have followed that route, the XF-1 I'm now using would be completely and utterly unacceptable to be used with a 0.3mV cart i.e. unloaded using only the natural impedance of 47ohm (what the cart sees) sounded far to phasey and rolled of, completely unacceptable.

Yet, if you get 'un-foxed' there is more than expected, as so often, and that SUT sounds just great – if you know what to do.

I'm glad to share some of that little I learned, and in that spirit - thank you for sharing.
Axel

Axel, I am often vexed by the same phenomenon-reviewers who comment on the "sound" of a SUT without regard to the myriad of other parameters that affect the result. Particularly egregious is the "SUT shoot-out" type of review, where many different SUTs are compared using the same cartridge and the exact same loads, often without regard to the differences in turns ratio, let alone other less important factors. The result is worthless information, but it fills pages in a magazine.

Dear Lew: That specific reviewer IMHO is a " shame " for the audio environment.

Unfortunately he ( like other " pro " reviewers. ) has the " power " of a free-pen with out anyone to " stop ", sending/making wrong/corrupted audio information given to the audio customers: mis-information, confusion, false myths, non know-how advise and non sense reviews. Far from help this kind of people IMHO do a lot of harm to the whole audio industry.

IMHO this is one part/reason why exist so much mediocrity in the high-end audio industry and these kind of reviewers are important part of that mediocrity.

Regards and enjoy the music.
Raul.

Hey Axel,

Last part: Therefore "Current mode" means that the cart delivers the most current it can, into the SUT's primary and the best / most when properly impedance matched.

I still don't get your "voltage mode, vs current mode" statements with respect to transformers. The amount of current a cartridge delivers into the primary of the SUT is fixed by the inductance of the SUT in parallel with the reflected load the transformer provides.

In in your case of the 1:30 and the 47K, the reflected load (~52r) dictates the current through the transformer primary. By adding the 13 ohm resistor in parallel with the primary you do not appreciably adjust the current through the transformer primary. The current output from the cartridge increases but all of the added current simply traverses the resistor to ground.

This doesn't mean that the primary load doesn't have an effect on the transformer behavior since it does. I would expect the output impedance plot of a cartridge to show a rising value with frequency due to the inductance of the coil with a peak at the point where the inductance and capacitance resonate and then a decrease beyond that. This typically happens close to or within the audio band. If you consider how the source impedance has an effect on the transformer behavior and understand that the primary loading resistor damps (and lowers) the output impedance of the cartridge it quickly becomes clear that this is a very complex relationship that doesn't lend itself to generalizations and ROT's

dave