The main point you are missing here is that 20 times the voltage i.e. 6.8mV instead of 0.3mV into 47k pre-input-impedance, WILL and DOES 'pull' more current on the primary side which has ONLY 10 ohm impedance! A virtual short circuit!!
I'm sorry, No it doesn't. In order to not break the first law of thermodynamics, applying the load to the primary of the transformer while keeping a fixed load on the cartridge must DECREASE the current through the transformer.
Furthermore, If you want a 10 ohm load on the cartridge, you can do one of three things,
-10,000 ohms on the secondary of a 31.6:1
-13 ohms on the primary and 47K on the secondary
-dispense with the SUT altogether and place 13R in parallel with the 47K input resistor.
In all three of these situations will draw the same current from the cartridge.
From the transformer perspective, the secondary load will draw more current through the transformer.
the total "source impedance" for whatever is downstream of the 47K resistor is (assuming a 2.5R cart):
Primary load has a source impedance of 2000 ohms
secondary load has a source Z of 2000 ohms
the No SUT has a souce Z of 2 ohms.
dave