Turntable speed accuracy


There is another thread (about the NVS table) which has a subordinate discussion about turntable speed accuracy and different methods of checking. Some suggest using the Timeline laser, others use a strobe disk.

I assume everyone agrees that speed accuracy is of utmost importance. What is the best way to verify results? What is the most speed-accurate drive method? And is speed accuracy really the most important consideration for proper turntable design or are there some compromises with certain drive types that make others still viable?
peterayer


I believe the Brinkmann Bardo and Oasis use the gentler servo speed control. Here's what they wrote in their white-paper; it's a little long but it's a good read:
PROBLEM WITH DIRECT-DRIVE

Studios (radio stations in particular) demand quick start-up times – turntables typically have to reach their correct speed within half a revolution. For LPs this means 0-33 1/3 rpm within 0.9 seconds. Such acceleration figures can only be achieved through use of high-torque motors and correspondingly tight coupling between the drive and platter. It isn’t a surprise then that for decades idler wheel drive designs were the defacto standard in studio applications. But idler wheel turntables also had seriously high maintenance costs in order to be up and running 24/7 and to avoid rumble and other sound degrading issues caused by worn out idler wheels to affect the sound negatively. Thus out of necessity, in the late 1960s manufacturers of studio turntables began to look for low(er) cost maintenance alternatives. They came up with direct drive, whereby the platter was placed directly on the motor’s shaft, ie the stator was mounted around the bushing and the shaft was used as the rotor and voila, the goal was achieved; at least in theory.

But start-up times of less than 1 second necessitated high torque motors, which designers achieved by using motors with 32 and more poles. The penalty they paid were heavy cogging effects accompanied by high wow & flutter numbers. The cure was found in quartz locked motors and phase locked regulators; which corrected for any deviations from their preset with an iron fist. On paper at least, these “corrected” direct drive turntables boasted hitherto unimaginable low wow & flutter numbers down to 0.001%. But the rigorous iron fist regulation prevented the platter from spinning smoothly; instead, the regulation caused the platter to oscillate continuously between speeding up and slowing down. These start/stop motions translated into an unpleasantly rough and hard sound; odd as wow & flutter numbers in the 0.001% range are deemed inaudible.

Once the direct drive technology had gained a foothold in pro audio applications, the benefits of mass production (ie. trickle down effect) made sure that very soon even $100 turntables were equipped with direct drive and advertised as having less than 0.01% wow & flutter. This is precisely where direct drive got its bad rap sheet. Under closer scrutiny however, this assumption were based on some misunderstandings. For one, in home audio application use, turntables are not really required to reach 33 1/3 rpm in less than a second, thus 32 pole motors and phase locked regulators are not really necessary either.

THE BRINKMANN SOLUTION

Having decided to utilize a direct-drive mechanism for our new turntable, we began searching for the appropriate motor. Sadly (or luckily, as it should later prove) and despite much effort we were unable to find a motor that was up to our stringent quality requirements. We therefore decided to design and build the motor in-house—which had the nice side effect that we did not have to cut any corners and instead were in the fortunate position of defining all relevant parameters ourselves. The motor’s stator consists of four specially designed field coils, which are mounted concentrically with high precision around the platter bearing. Based on listening and tuning sessions, we decided to forgo the typical 90-degree mounting angle in favour of a non-standard 22.5-degree raster, which, due to the magnetic fields overlapping, further reduced cogging. The motor’s rotor also acts as the sub-platter and carries a magnetic ring with 8 poles on its underside.

The drive mechanism, based around Hall sensors and an encoder disk, is designed in such a way that there is just enough power to bring the 10 kg heavy platter up to 33rpm in about 12 seconds. Conversely, only a minimal amount of energy is actually necessary to keep the rotational speed at a constant. While the drive mechanism is indeed direct, power
is actually transferred without any contact. This soft coupling via a low power magnetic field translates into a silent drive, which reduces cogging further. One of the main attributes behind the sound quality of the “Oasis” has to do with our proprietary motor control. It works proportionally, i.e. it transfers just enough energy to the motor for it to remain at constant speed. Conversely, due to our ultra low-friction bearing, only a small amount of energy is actually necessary to keep the motor at constant speed. Previously available regulators typically work disproportional and rather abruptly: they speed up and slow down the motor very rapidly when necessary.

During the development phase of the “Oasis” turntable, we spent many long hours auditioning several different regulator designs; it became quite evident that utilizing our concept of proportional regulation always resulted in better sound: typical “harder” motor control concepts produced a sound significantly lower in quality, with less color and drive.

I suspect their decision "to forgo the typical 90-degree mounting angle in favor of a non-standard 22.5-degree raster" is influenced by Dual's design of the EDS-1000 motor, which also has the same coil arrangement...

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Servo design in a DD 'table certainly includes the expected mass of the platter. If that changes significantly it sill alter the response of the servo; likely to the underdamped side of things. Many cheaper DD tables have a platter that can be removed and the motor can be operated without it- in this case the cogging effects are often quite visible. This an extreme example of course, but illustrates an under-damped condition.

So you probably can decrease the electrical damping by increasing the mass, but you should also not be surprised if overall speed stability is also compromised. Servos often have to operate within some fairly tight parameters.
Hiho, Lets keep in mind that what you quote from the Brinkmann website is a commercial, full of blather with a sprinkling of fact. Like many politicians, they set up a "straw man" controversy in order to show how their product "solves" the problem that may or may not be a problem in reality.

What I especially found questionable was the part about 32-pole motors causing increased cogging. More poles should mean less cogging, if done right. Anyway, I am sure the Bardo is a nice product in spite of their blarney. The design brief resembles that of the L07D in many ways, including the copying of the Dual coreless motor with the odd raster. What's a "raster"?
Lewm, I meant DC motors. As far as I know the following DD's use DC motors - EMT948, Technics SP10mk2&3, Sony PSX9, Kenwood Lo7D, Exclusive P3. The Denon DP100 uses an AC motor.
DC motors react to variable loads quite differently to AC motors. Seems to me there is potentially as big a difference generated by DC/AC motor choice and implementation as there is by drive type.
Actually, I believe I'm right with regard to DC motors - DC motors do not self correct when speed fluctuates, hence the need for servos or speed sensors at the very least. Question is as Brinkmann suggests there is a trade off on sound "quality" between fast recovery and soft recovery type servos. Too fast and you get overshoot and more correction.
Platter mass also factors into the equation as well in that it can dampen the servo action in a DD TT.
There was no argument or generality suggested, but a question posed if you reread the post.
Dover, I think my response to you was too harsh. I apologize. Denon DP80 uses a 3-phase AC synchronous motor and also uses a quartz-referenced servo. Speed is monitored via a tapehead that "reads" the inner rim of the platter as it rotates. Knowing this, I was a bit confused when I read about The Beat turntable, which also uses a 3-phase AC synchronous motor that is claimed to self-correct by virtue of being so. (I think with The Beat there is a small amount of constant drag on the bearing, and the motor works against that.) Suffice to say that we need a motor expert here to straighten this out. I do think that the motor technology has not changed at all since the late 70s and that the designers of the tables you list used motors that they felt were best suited to the task. There are many high-dollar belt-drive turntables that use DC motors and no servo, as you know.