Cable directionality

Bigtee .. I think Audioengr was saying that your signal ground (where the current is sunk and sourced) was your power cord ground lead. I think this is correct. If course AC current doesn't go part down one wire and part down another ... rather it pushes current into ground, and then pulls the current back from ground.

"Audioengr, So, lets take a 60HZ signal and run it down the "Signal carrying" wire. Since this would be the same as a 60hz sine wave, are you trying to say that the positive half cycle goes down one wire and the negative half cycle comes back on the ground?"

No, what I am saying is that when there is a positive current flowing in the signal wire of an interconnect, there is an equal and opposite current in the "ground" or "return" wire.

We are talking about AC here. Hate to disagree, but I don't think so. Also, we cannot have current without voltage since volts push amps. In less than 120 volt applications, we have one line of potential(as in house wiring)and according to your described theory the ground(neutral) would also have be a hot wire since each half cycle would need to be equal with respect to volts and amps on each conductor.

No, the Neutral in house wiring is not ground (earth ground). Hot is equivalent to signal wire and Neutral is equivalent to return (which can be ground) in an interconnect. Current flows in both Hot and Neutral, but not in the earth ground. Since the ground for interconnects is also used as a return path, there will be current running in this one.

"In 35 years of being around electricity in various forms, I've never had the need to measure the ground except when we had an electrical "Short" popping people."

In audio systems, it is important to measure earth ground as the system usually comprises several components plugged into several outlets, which may be on different circuits. The result is that the various grounds can be at different potentials, which can result in hum due to current flowing in the power-cable ground wires. The fact that there are ground connections between components through the grounded power cords and also in the interconnects creates ground-loops by definition. This is unavoidable in "single-ended" systems.

Balanced signalling eliminates this problem becase there is an earth ground with no current flowing in it and two signal wires with equal and opposite currents. So, you see, the balanced interconnect is actually more similar to household AC wiring with Hot, Neutral and Earth Ground being similar to +, - and Ground.

BTW - I have 26 years experience as an degreed Electrical Engineer.

Audioengr--- well, I didn't get to talk to the EE's here at work today, duty called. However, I will. I still don't understand this so I will get one of my troopers to explain it up close and personal. With house wiring, the neutrals are connected straight to the buss bar in the breaker panel and and connected to earth ground. I still don't understand your previous analogy of the battery and bulb since DC does flow in one direction period. And you do have positive and negative on DC. There is no such thing as positive and negative on AC which it would have to be. The return would be negative. As I said before, you have the positive half cycle and then the negative half cycle that "Flows" the opposite direction on the same wire. In an Air Conditioning unit you have a step down transformer usually 120/230 to 24 volts. On the output of the secondary, one side is tied directly to earth ground and also serves as the common for the wiring activating all the small 24VAC coils on relays. The other runs to the other side of the coils. I still can't believe that you will have an opposite polarity running through the unit chassis. I know I can't measure it because I have tried. Why would it go back when the path of least resistance is to earth and not through the resistance in the wire? AC is AC is AC. It doesn't matter if its in a house, an Air Conditioner or a signal carrying cable. I suppose coaxial cable, with a single conductor, alternates with the shield and with the shield connected to earth ground and there is no second wire.
By the way, I don't need to be convinced that you are an EE with whatever experience. To me, this is research and I will find a definitive answer that satisfies my curosity. Call me hard headed. And I defer back to my final statement in the last post. Anyway, this post was about cables being directional and not a dialog in electrical theory. They may never let me post again! Anyway, I am convinced that cables being directional is BS and ALL the EE's I work with are in agreement with that.

Audioengr---Well, I just had one of the EE's stop by and we had a nice little chat. It convinced me of basically what you are saying and actually created a few more questions. As stated previously in my post, I will officially acknowledge that you were essentially correct. I think terminology got in the way a little but I have to say this has been a very enlightning experience and I do appreciate your patience with a ME. He also talked about DC coinciding with AC in a cable which I will have to research now. Bleed I believe was the term he used. He left me a book to read (which I will do) and a bag of terms about lifting ground, floating above ground, etc. He also blew right over my head talking of using DC on signal cables to make the AC behave itself. This will require more research.

Bigtee wrote: "As I said before, you have the positive half cycle and then the negative half cycle that "Flows" the opposite direction on the same wire."

Correct, the current alternately flows in what I like to call the "forward" wire, but the inverse of that current also flows simultaneously in the second wire, which I call the "return" wire. In most AC power systems, this is NOT the ground wire, because this would violate electrical code, regardless of whether the circuit is single-phase or three phase.

Bigtee wrote: "On the output of the secondary, one side is tied directly to earth ground and also serves as the common for the wiring activating all the small 24VAC coils on relays. The other runs to the other side of the coils."

If this is the case, then for these internal circuits, the ground is used as a return path for the current. It would be difficult to measure any voltage drop across a grounded chassis, because the impedance is so low.

I actually worked as an industrial electrician apprentice while I was going to college 27 years ago, so I have some experience with electrical code, 3-phase, contactors and transformers etc..