Geoffkait, everything is involved in increasing distortion when the volume goes up.
First is your impression, even the base level of distortion becomes more intolerable when the volume goes up.
Second, the transducers, the speakers or headphones, absolutely rise in distortion with higher volume levels. Most speakers compress badly, and when compression is involved there is a lot of distortion going on.
Third, the distortion of the electronics goes up in almost all cases. There are exceptions for electronics, where the distortion goes down as power output goes up, but that's not normally the case.
First is your impression, even the base level of distortion becomes more intolerable when the volume goes up.
Second, the transducers, the speakers or headphones, absolutely rise in distortion with higher volume levels. Most speakers compress badly, and when compression is involved there is a lot of distortion going on.
Third, the distortion of the electronics goes up in almost all cases. There are exceptions for electronics, where the distortion goes down as power output goes up, but that's not normally the case.