If you had the amp powered off as you say, I don't think you should have heard any sound coming out of the speakers while connecting the wires. I suppose it's possible that a discharge of static electricity could cause a popping sound, but I don't think I have ever experienced that in close to thirty years of owning stereo equipment. Are you sure you had everything off when you changed the speaker wires?
A very good practice to get into is to turn off and unplug all the equipment in your stereo before you change any wiring.
In any case, a fuse is a protection device. It is designed to fail when there is excessive current flow to protect more expensive parts inside the circuit. They do weaken over time, or may sometimes pop due to a current surge or something.
You change the fuse once, and if it pops again, then there is something else that is causing the fuse to pop. You never, ever trying changing the fuse a dozen times.