The exert below is very clear and it is consistent with basic electronics course content.
This is an exert from The Complete Guide to High-End Audio as published for free by The Absolute Sound at AVguide.com
This link has the free download guide to electronics 2012. The section of this exert is on page 13.
http://media.avguide.com/BG_Audio_Electronics_2012.pdf
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Excerpted and adapted from The Complete
Guide to High-End Audio (fourth edition).
Copyright © 19942012 by Robert Harley.
Why Amplifier Output Current Matters
Some amplifiers barely increase their output
power when driving 4 ohms; others can double
it. This means that not all 100Wpc amplifiers
are created equal. One 100Wpc amplifier
might put out 150W into 2 ohms, while another
might deliver 400Wpc into 2 ohms. This ability
to drive low-impedance loads (specifically, to
deliver lots of current) has a large influence on an
amplifiers sound and subjective power capability.
Loudspeakers have dips in their impedances at
certain frequencies, which puts greater currentdelivery
demands on the power amplifier.
This difference has real-world consequences.
The ability to increase output power into low
impedances indicates how much current the
amplifier can deliver to the loudspeaker. It is
current flow through the loudspeakers voice
coils (in dynamic loudspeakers) that creates the
electromagnetic force that causes the cones
and domes to move, and thus produce sound. If
current flow through the voice coil is constrained,
so is the music.
An analog is helpful to understanding this
concept. Think of a power amplifier driving a
loudspeaker as a water faucet and a hose; the
water pressure is voltage, the flow of water through
the hose is electrical current, and squeezing the
hose forms a resistance (impedance) to the flow.
In this analogy, the loudspeakers impedance is
the resistance in the hose that impedes the flow
of water. The lower the loudspeakers impedance,
the less the resistance to current flow from the
amplifier, and the harder the amplifier must
work to deliver current to the loudspeaker. If the
impedance is halved (say, from 8 ohms to 4 ohms),
the amplifier is asked to deliver double the current
to the loudspeaker (all other factors being equal).
If the amplifier isnt up to the job, the musical
result is strain or even distortion on musical
peaks, weak bass, loss of dynamics, hardening
of timbre, and a collapsing soundstage. In short,
we can hear the amplifier give up as it runs out
of power. Conversely, amplifiers that can continue
increasing their output power as the impedance
drops generally have very deep, extended, and
powerful bass, virtually unlimited dynamics, a
sense of ease and grace during musical peaks,
and the ability to maintain correct timbre and
soundstaging, even during loud passages. If you
have relatively high-impedance loudspeakers
with no severe impedance dips, youre much less
likely to encounter sonic problems, even with
modest power amplifiers; the loudspeaker simply
demands less current from the power amplifier.
Amplifiers with high current capability (indicated
by their ability to increase output power into low
impedances) are often large and expensive. Their
current capability comes from massive power
transformers, huge power supplies, and lots of
output transistorsall expensive items.
Keep in mind, however, that not all systems
require large power amplifiers. If you have sensitive
loudspeakers with a fairly high impedance, the
loudspeakers current demands are vastly lower.
Consequently, smaller amplifiers work just fine.
Single-ended triode amplifiers with as little as
3Wpc and very limited ability to deliver current
can sound highly musical when driving a load-appropriate
loudspeaker.
Excerpted and adapted from The Complete
Guide to High-End Audio (fourth edition).
Copyright © 19942012 by Robert Harley.
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