Thanks Bombaywala -- very good explanation. After breaking big rocks with a sledge hammer, courtesy of Ralph and Al, I'm starting to better understand speaker/amp electrical matching. Of course, I've also come to better understand that speaker and amp designs are often the result of engineering/technical compromises. I believe Al and others made that point as well many times.
One such compromise that comes to mind is the benefit and cost associated with using negative feedback. Ralph and Al have spoken about many of the costs, such as TIM distortion and odd ordered harmonic distortion. They have also mentioned some important benefits, such as lower overall distortion, increased bandwidth and lower output impedance.
Case in point: I believe that ARC uses NF in most (if not all) of its tube amps. For example, the somewhat new ARC Ref 150 tube amp uses 14 db of NF and has approximately 1.1 ohm output impedance off the 8 ohm tap and about 60% of that value off the 4 ohm tap. See Stereophile/John Atkinson Ref 150 bench test last year.
Not sure if that turns a low impedance/high capacitance ESL speaker into vanilla ice cream for the Ref 150. Not even sure if the Ref 150 likes ice cream. But I wonder how well tube amps that use NF fare with ESL loads.
One such compromise that comes to mind is the benefit and cost associated with using negative feedback. Ralph and Al have spoken about many of the costs, such as TIM distortion and odd ordered harmonic distortion. They have also mentioned some important benefits, such as lower overall distortion, increased bandwidth and lower output impedance.
Case in point: I believe that ARC uses NF in most (if not all) of its tube amps. For example, the somewhat new ARC Ref 150 tube amp uses 14 db of NF and has approximately 1.1 ohm output impedance off the 8 ohm tap and about 60% of that value off the 4 ohm tap. See Stereophile/John Atkinson Ref 150 bench test last year.
Not sure if that turns a low impedance/high capacitance ESL speaker into vanilla ice cream for the Ref 150. Not even sure if the Ref 150 likes ice cream. But I wonder how well tube amps that use NF fare with ESL loads.