If it looks like a duck....
Let's set things straight.
An mp3 is what is referred to as a lossy compressed file. Mp3's can sound terrible, mediocre, good, very good or almost CD like, depending on the settings of the rip software. Once a CD is ripped to the mp3 format, there is no way an mp3 player can accurately recover 100% of that information.
A CD that is ripped to a lossless format, WAV, AIFF, FLAC, Apple Lossless, etc. will retain all of the information from the CD. WAV and AIFF are uncompressed, the others mentioned are compressed but lossless (they are used for saving space on your HD). As long as you rip to the same bit number and sampling rate as the source disc (ex. 16,44.1k; 20,88k; 24,96k), it will sound exactly the same as your original disc. (In fact it will most likely sound better because the jitter is reduced to almost zero, but that is another story.)