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Shielding components from EMI/RFI... Help please

A recent experiment with a product designed to reduce EMI/RFI left me curious about other ways to reduce EMI/RFI in my system. In the past ten days, I've stepped onto a slippery slope, at the bottom of which is surely some kind of insanity...

I've been experimenting with copper plates in an effort to absorb, deflect, diffract, and block EMI/RFI. I've tried copper plates under components, on top of components, and inside components.

This is the point where you tell me I don't know what I'm doing and I'm likely to short circuit something and/or electrocute myself. Consider me duly warned. This is also the point where you tell me to get some balanced interconnects, or at least to get some shielded interconnects for Chrissake. Consider me duly informed. Moving on...

I'm hoping you can help me make the most of this experiment, and help me avoid killing a component or myself. My strategy so far has been to:

1. Place copper plates at locations that generate a lot of EMI/RFI, e.g., components with switching mode power supplies or high frequency clocks. The system has a total of 3 SMPS and 3 clocks.

2. Place copper plates at locations that are vulnerable to EMI/RFI, e.g., under the amp, near the transformer.

3. Place copper plates inside noisy components -- in particular, my Meridian G68 preamp/processor. I've begun to build 2 partial Faraday cages, one for the SMPS, and one for the analog output stage.

4. Ground the copper plates either to the component chassis (when plates are used inside a component) or to an independent ground point (when plates are used above/below a component).

Has anyone tried this sort of thing?

Bryon
bryoncunningham
jea48
4,303 posts
 
Bryoncunningham,

What's with the dedicated ground rod buried under the house?

The earth does not possess some mystical magical power that will suck, drain, RFI to it.

What you have created is a great path for a lightning strike to follow. There is a reason why all grounding electrodes of a building must be connected to one another....

Just for a test disconnect the shields from the dedicated ground rod and reconnect them to the chassis ground of the equipment. Post back your listening results.
Jim
sarcher30
596 posts
 
Sounds like you made some worthwhile improvements. Your conclusions seem to support the idea of separates. I have separates in my system and some even have separate power supplies. I'm a believer.

It is interesting that with some careful shielding some integrated solutions can be improved. Makes you wonder why you don't see shielding like you have done in more high end integrated designs.
bryoncunningham OP
890 posts
 
Sean - I think my results, if they can be generalized, point to the value of extensive shielding in dac's and cd players, all of which have clocks, and many of which have noisy power supplies. I agree that it's strange that you don't see extensive shielding more often. The copper for the shielding in my G68 cost me about $100. That's a very small fraction of the current $12K msrp.

Jim - The ground rod wasn't based on magical thinking. It was based on the belief that the ground for a Faraday cage should be different from the ground for the equipment inside the cage. I gather from your comments that that is incorrect.

When I installed the copper shielding inside the G68, I grounded it to the G68's chassis. The dedicated ground rod was used only for the 2 enclosures - one for the reclocker and one for the Sonos. I have disconnected the ground rod and connected the enclosures' ground cables to a conductive spot on the G68's chassis. My initial impression is that I can hear no difference between that arrangement and my previous one.

Bryon
bryoncunningham OP
890 posts
 
After more extensive listening, I've concluded that grounding the new enclosures to the Meridian G68 resulted in sound that is slightly worse, particularly in "listening ease" at loud volumes. Here are the 3 arrangements I've tried:

1. Enclosures grounded to ground rod.
2. Enclosures not grounded.
3. Enclosures grounded to G68.

I can say with some degree of confidence that (1) and (2) sound better than (3), but I cannot say with much confidence whether (1) sounded different from (2). So maybe the ground rod is adding nothing other than additional risk.

As for why (3) sounded worse than (1) and (2), I don't know what to say. Maybe grounding the enclosures to the G68 made the enclosures act like antennas collecting RFI, and that RFI was then transmitted into the G68? I don't know. I'm out of my depth. Maybe someone has a theory.

bc
almarg's avatar
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almarg
9,670 posts
 
Hi Bryon,
As for why (3) sounded worse than (1) and (2) ... maybe grounding the enclosures to the G68 made the enclosures act like antennas collecting RFI, and that RFI was then transmitted into the G68?
That would certainly seem like a possibility. In particular, perhaps noise originating from the enclosed devices is finding its way from the connection to the G68 chassis to the ground/signal return of the digital input to the G68. A noisy ground at that circuit point would certainly contribute to jitter, especially if the connection is unbalanced S/PDIF rather than balanced AES/EBU.

Question for Jim:

Although the additional ground rod may very well not be helpful with respect to minimizing noise, I'm wondering how it would represent a safety risk in this particular application.

There are two reasons I can think of why code prohibits multiple ground rods that are not connected together.

One is that if it is used to ground the safety ground of an electrically powered device, fault current may not cause the circuit breaker to trip. That is explained on page 8 of this Bill Whitlock paper.

The other reason I can envision, which is also mentioned in the paper, is that if lightning hits the outdoor electrical wires and is conducted to ground through the main grounding rod, thousands of volts may briefly appear between the two grounding rods, potentially damaging anything for which a connection path to both of them exists.

Neither of those scenarios seems applicable to what Bryon was doing with the second ground rod, assuming that the means of insulation between the Reclocker and the Sonos and their grounded enclosures is sufficient to withstand the voltage that would appear across it during the lightning strike scenario. Perhaps that isn't a good assumption, though. Can you explain further? Thanks.

Best regards,
-- Al
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