If the preamp accepts the phono signal differentially, then you stand a very good chance of making this work, especially if the cartridge is loaded at something less than 600 ohms.
This will create a low impedance balanced line, and will be quite immune to the cable length. Although the voltage output of the cartridge is quite low, the current is rather robust, else so many LOMC cartridges could not drive 100 ohms or less!
Now its my opinion that if you are placing the turntable in a particular location to minimize vibration, you should consider placing the preamp in the same location for similar reasons. The preamp *should* be able to drive long cables if its balanced (if it can't IMO you need to think about a different preamp- our preamps can drive over 100 feet with ease, like any balanced preamp should). So I would think in most cases that you would not need to run a long phono cable, but it is possible.