Speaking very generally, stuffing a port will raise the speaker's low-end rolloff frequency, but at the same time make it more gradual. There are also many gradations between completely open and completely plugged, depending on the density of material you stick in the port.
I'm with Brf . . . give it a try, you won't hurt anything. The side-effect of sounding "congested" is also highly dependent on the particular speaker and how loud you're playing them.
As far as materials go, maybe start with your sock drawer? Worked wonders for those ubiquitous Cerwin-Vegas I remember from my college days.