Record Cleaning Mystery

Do you have central air conditioning? If so, does the register blow on your turn table? May be the source of the dust. Even if the vent isn't blowing dust, it could be blowing air on your record causing static electricity which attracts dust. A ceiling fan can have the same effect. 

Make sure the vacuum path has no blockage or leaks.  Check the wand and be sure it is clean and check the wand holder to be sure nothing is lodged in it. Not sure how many revolutions you use before stopping the vacuum, but I would recommend a minimum of 4-5. I know the instructions say 1-2, but I find that’s not enough time to suck out all the gunk.

Do you hear anything different from your cartridge?  If I were you I'd make sure your stylus isn't damaged before proceeding. I know this from painful experience. Once by sheer coincidence my stylus got damaged just after I bought a new record cleaning machine. Took me a while to realize that the filaments on my stylus were actually shreds of vinyl (and had nothing to do with the cleaning process). That was fun! I hope you don't have that problem but it's worth taking a look. (if I rubbed the filaments they turned into dust). 

If only on one side, I think you may be picking up dust or dirt somewhere during your cleaning process.  If you clean side one first and then side 2 and the fuzz only appears when you plan side one, I think you may be "contaminating" the clean side somehow when you flip it over to clean the other side. 

@swampwalker’s theory is as good as any. Here’s another: you’re record cleaning process has succeeded in loosening stuff on your records through fluids, brushing and you’ve vac dried them, but there’s still contaminants on the record. I’ve had this happen on various occasions-- the stylus gets fouled by a "cleaned" record that really isn’t fully clean.
Only solution is to hit it again, and maybe change up your method if you are finding this consistently. I’ve never used your machine, but it looks very much like a wand type (VPI)- if it has a slot in the vacuum wand, it should be positioned just so to maximize vacuum power and minimize sticking to the record. The velvet lips have to be kept scrupulously clean (you probably do that, but just for completeness) and of course, overvacuuming creates static. If my theory-- which I’m only throwing out as a possibility-- is the cause, you might also think about a pure water rinse (distilled is OK, there is better) with a different wand if you can do it, but my bet is, your cleaning is causing the problem if the stylus and platter mat(s) of both your turntable and cleaning machine are clean.
NB: Looked more closely at a picture of what I assume is your machine, there is no platter as such -more like a Nitty Gritty in holding the record, not fully the size of a 12" LP underneath, so that shouldn't be an issue.