A DC Motor is a simple device. The speed is proportional to voltage input and load. If the load increases then the speed will drop and current will increase. My Sota tt has a simple power supply and DC motor. It has a trim pot for fine tuning speed; but speed will vary as load changes. (A tt with closed loop controller for a DC motor would vary voltage to maintain speed under varying load conditions.) Using the iPhone app I can adjust the speed to within 0.02%- about an order of magnitude off compared to Peter's SME deck. Also, speed drifts on my tt as it warms up so I must let it run for 15-20 minutes before fine tuning the speed. I know the higher end Sota tt's have much more sophisticated motor controllers. I would like to know how they perform in comparison.
Synchronous AC Motors are based on frequency. The rotor of an synchronous AC motor is always following the rotating magnetic field. That is phase lag or slip as Richard mentioned. As the load on an synchronous AC motor increases, phase lag increases. Current draw in the motor will increase which increases torque in order to bring the phase lag back to near zero. The frequency source for a synchronous AC motor can come from the 60Hz AC line or from a seperate frequency generator. Voltage will not change speed on a synchronous AC motor but it will change the amount of torque available to minimize phase lag. (More voltage means more current draw is available.) A closed loop synchronous AC motor controller must vary frequency to adjust speed.
Synchronous AC Motors are based on frequency. The rotor of an synchronous AC motor is always following the rotating magnetic field. That is phase lag or slip as Richard mentioned. As the load on an synchronous AC motor increases, phase lag increases. Current draw in the motor will increase which increases torque in order to bring the phase lag back to near zero. The frequency source for a synchronous AC motor can come from the 60Hz AC line or from a seperate frequency generator. Voltage will not change speed on a synchronous AC motor but it will change the amount of torque available to minimize phase lag. (More voltage means more current draw is available.) A closed loop synchronous AC motor controller must vary frequency to adjust speed.