RichardkrebsActually it is the tracking angle that propels the arm inwards, which is different from offset angle. The skating forces are proportional to the tracking angle and tracking force. With higher tracking forces the skating force reduces. It also reduces with longer arms due to the reduced tracking angle. If you are tracking from about 2.5g with a 12" arm the skating force becomes very small, and if the tonearm is designed with breakdown torque taken into account at this point it is possible to run a pivoted arm without anti skate. Stylus profile also impacts the skating force. Ladegaards theory ignores these causal factors and assumes no anti skate is applied, therefore it is a worst case scenario and improbable in reality..
the cartridge is not expending all its effort in trying to rotate are arm but a vector of this force due to the offset angle.
Conversely on eccentric records the high horizontal mass of a linear tracking arm will create tracking distortion. Very few records are truly round, and increasing the mass with lead on a linear tracker will increase the inertia of the arm in the horizontal plane and increase distortion on eccentric records due to cantilever flex. Thigpens' recommendations are that with records with an eccentricity of 1/8" a low mass pivoted arm will be superior.
Dgarretson - your listening experience that lower mass is giving superior results with the Terminator mirrors most ( actually all except for one ) of the users of the ET2 on this thread that have attained optimum sound quality from the correct application and tuning of the low mass/decoupled counterweight design parameters that the ET2 is based upon.