Need Help From The Resident Experts


My problem:

My preamp puts out 30db of gain and the output impedance is 1.2K ohms.  My power amp input impedance is 22K ohms.  I can only use 1/4th of the volume controls (9 o'clock) and it is too loud after that point.  What would be the ideal output impedance for the preamp to mate well with the power amp?  Components in question are an Audible Illusions Modulus 3B and an Odyssey Stratos Extreme+++.  I would like to use more of the volume range and am open to a different pre.

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The Modulus is well-known to have excessive gain, it's design dating back to the pre-CD era. Most modern pre-amps provide around 12dB. There are attenuators available for inserting between pre and power, or resistors can be installed on the inputs of your power amp to lower it's input sensitivity, I believe. I could be wrong!

The output impedance of your pre and input of your power has nothing to do with the gain, however. The old rule regarding pre-amp output impedance to power amp input resistance is a ten-fold one as a minimum: 1k output to 10k input. More is better.

The lack of range on the volume control is due to the extremely and unusually high 30 db of line-stage gain. Impedance compatibility is a separate and unrelated issue.

The majority of active line-stages provide gains in the area between about 6 db and 15 db. Anything in that range will probably cause the volume you presently have at 9 o’clock to come out above the 12 o’clock position, and gain in the lower part of that range would probably bring it to the vicinity of 2 or 3 o’clock.

An impedance incompatibility, if present, would mainly affect frequency response flatness, especially in the deep bass region. The 1.2K spec is probably based on a mid-range frequency such as 1 kHz, and may rise to considerably higher values at deep bass frequencies due to the coupling capacitor that is used at the output of most tube-based preamps (the impedance of a capacitor rises as frequency decreases). Whether or not a problem occurs depends on the **variation** of output impedance over the frequency range.

To assure that an impedance incompatibility does not occur the commonly accepted rule of thumb, properly stated, is that the amp’s input impedance should be at least 10x the output impedance of the preamp, at the audible frequency for which the preamp’s output impedance is highest. Although non-compliance with that guideline does not mean that a problem will necessarily arise; compliance with that guideline assures that a problem won’t arise. For most tube-based preamps the highest output impedance at any audibly significant frequency is likely to be at 20 Hz.

If the 20 Hz output impedance can’t be obtained from the manufacturer or determined in some other manner, I suggest using a ratio of 75x to be safe. To assure compatibility with the Odyssey that would mean a nominal (mid-range) output impedance of less than or equal to 22K/75 = 293 ohms.

If the maximum output impedance at any audible frequency can be determined (and if Stereophile has reviewed the product it will be indicated in the measurements section of the review), then 22K/10 = 2.2K would be a safe upper limit.

Good luck. Regards,
-- Al

P.S: Per bdp24’s good suggestion, you might consider purchasing a pair of Rothwell Attenuators in the 20 db configuration that is offered. Some people have reported compromised dynamics or other sonic issues with these and similar devices, while others (including me) have found them to provide excellent results. I’m fairly certain that the Rothwells will provide a load impedance that is high enough to be suitable for use with the AI preamp; I know that some competitive units from other manufacturers will not.
@almarg your wealth of information about all things audio related never ceases to be impressive, informative and rather well articulated. 
+1 almarg (sort of redundant).  No question that the problem is too much gain.  FWIW, I've used a pair of 10 dB Rothwell attenuators successfully in the past. 
I appreciate all the responses, but the bottom line is I want a different preamp.  I am much older now and I would like remote control, phono input and either a tape monitor or processor loop.  I have been looking at the Rogue RP-5 and wonder if it will work well in my system.  What do you guys think?  Keep in mind I have had 3 Modulus preamps in my system since 1992 and I want to try something different.