Best sounding transistors


Many people talk of tube rolling and the sonic differences they impart.  Output transistor are not easily rollable since they are soldered in place, but I'm curious about the sonic signatures different transistors might have.  Who makes the "best" ones?  Which amplifiers use them and what is the native/optimal output impedance on these devices?  I know there is a lot more to an amplifier than just the output transistors, but I'm just curious about this one aspect.  I'm not an electrical engineer either, so please keep it simple.  What do the Pass amps use?
thegoldengoose
This is what often happened in the old Phase Linear 400 amps back in the 70's and 80's. "  Their 700 had the same issue.   Those of us that repaired so many, often referred to the company as, "Phlame Linear". 
Another thing I wanted to mention regarding power transistor "rolling". The high frequency characteristics of the power transistors can directly affect the open loop bode response and therefor the stability (ie the tendency to oscillate with the feedback loop closed) of the amplifier. Unless the replacements are close to the originals in high frequency characteristics (input capacitance and cut off frequency), you can negatively affect the frequency response with replacements and make the amplifier unstable. This dilemma often makes repairing vintage SS amps difficult as the OEM power transistors are no longer being made. If you have an amp with Motorola power transistors (some of the best ever made), many of these part are currently unobtainium, with no comparable modern substitutes. Add into the equation the need for a power amp to drive complex impedance loads with high inductance and capacitance, messing with output transistors can be a recipe for disaster unless you really know what you are doing.

@dhl93449 - thanks for the added information. I did preface my comments on the offset adjustment for FET transistors was specifically when used in an input stage - such as comparator circuit or a discrete operation amp circuit, where you need an exact mirror pair of transistors (whether FET or bipolar type). Monolithic FET op amps (such as OPA627, OPA2134, etc.) are laser trimmed during manufacturing and the offset is excellent. I was only trying to give the OP more detail on transistor types.

I didn’t know about the larger number of transistors slowing down the slew rate. That is useful information when I look at different amps. Though, I have listened to the Emotiva XPA-1, with 24 transistors total (12 per differential side). There’s nothing slow about this particular amp. :)  Though, a Class A bias might slow down the slew rate - possible more specifically on the negative slew direction.

auxinput

The slew rate is determined by typically two parameters (simplistically); the driver circuit bias current, and the Cob of all the collective (bipolar) power transistors the driver is coupled to. Think of it as the bias current being the water flow from a hose and the capacitance being an empty bucket. The higher the bias, the higher the water flow. The bigger the bucket, the larger the collective parallel capacitance. The slew rate is determined by how fast the bucket fills with water from the hose. So, you can have a larger collective capacitance (ie more power transistors) if you have a high class A bias current in the driver stage, which can still give you an acceptable slew rate. So just counting the number of transistors in an output stage is insufficient for comparison. The type of transistor also makes a difference, as the Cob is generally lower for very high frequency transistors, but they typically have lower max current ratings so you need more of them for a given power. Also, you need consider whether the design uses a bridge type configuration (which is actually TWO amplifiers in a channel, inverted in phase) which will give you double the power transistors without the slew rate limitations.

Regarding offset voltages, in a power amp built from discrete transistors, the DC offset is not just determined by the input stage, as you seem to assume. If left open loop with no feedback, you will find the total DC offset may be due to unbalanced bias currents in the driver stages, for example. This may also be true for Op-amps as well, but engineers are commonly used to "reflecting" the net offset to the input stage when the op amp is closed loop with a net gain of 1. So many think all the offset voltage is due to the input stage when actually it is not. This is mathematical abstraction so that a real op amp can be compared to the hypothetical "ideal" op amp. So I return to my original point, which is that DC offset in a power amp has little to due with the type of transistor used, but is more design dependent. In another example, some power amp designs use inter-stage coupling capacitors which remove any DC offset, at the expense of adding a coupling cap in the amplification line. Op amps NEVER use inter-stage coupling caps, primarily because you cannot build capacitors of sufficient quality and size on a monolithic integrated circuit die; and because most industrial applications require op amps with DC gain. Audio amps require only AC gain.
Gamut di150LE amps use just ONE pair of special very
hi power hi current (maybe for welding ?) transistors in its output stage
to minimize the effects described above.

The amp is quite powerful. Does anyone know of such a hi power
linear transistor good enuf and with adequate frequency to be used in audio ?