Garebear,
You can connect a CD player to any line level input, such as tuner, aux, etc. Do not connect it to the phono input. You would connect it using an Interconnect cable that has a L (White or black) & R (Red) RCA jack on each end.
Single disk CD players are still readily available for manufacturers such as Denon, Yamaha, Cambridge Audio, etc. You can also use any DVD player to play CDs.