Why do some amps provide more output power when using a balanced connection?


I have an Audio Research LS 25 mk I which has a higher gain when using the balanced inputs and outputs. I just acquired a Schiit Jotunheim headphone amp that has a higher output with balanced as well.

 The increases are not at all insignificant.  The ARC preamp goes from 12db of gain with single ended up to 18db when using balanced.  The Schiit Headphone amplifier goes from 800mw to 3000mw ( with a 50 ohm load) when moving from single ended to balanced.

 Can someone explain why this takes place? 

marktomaras
Thanks very much for the nice words, gentlemen!

@marktomaras, regarding your questions:

1)The LS25 has a fully balanced/truly balanced/genuinely balanced internal signal path, and if XLR inputs and outputs are used the entire signal path from input to output will be balanced. The approach of having RCA input and output signals common with one of the two signals in the corresponding balanced signal pair, rather than having them handled by a separate circuit stage, is not at all uncommon, as it significantly reduces cost, complexity, and requirements for internal physical space. The downside of that approach which most commonly arises is that if both outputs are used simultaneously, for example to connect the XLR output to a power amp while connecting the RCA output to a powered sub, impedance compatibility issues and issues involving sensitivity to cable capacitance can arise which can affect the signals to both destinations.

Note, for example, that ARC recommends a minimum load impedance of 20K for the LS25, as they do for most of their other line stages and preamps. Powered subs commonly have line level input impedances in the area of 5K to 20K, which in combination with the input impedance of a power amp would result in the preamp "seeing" a load impedance even lower than that.

2)It follows from some of my earlier comments that the 3000 mw vs. 800 mw difference is most likely just a function of which of the two **output** connectors are used, not which input connector is used. Providing the unit with unbalanced inputs, whether via the RCA input connectors or the XLR input connectors using an adapter cable, will probably affect gain but most likely not maximum output power capability. As I indicated previously, though, I can’t say that with total certainty without specific knowledge of the design.

And if I understand correctly there is no reason you can’t use the headphone’s balanced cable for your Mojo/computer desk application as well as for your main system application.

3)No, I can’t think of a convenient and practical way of determining maximum output power capability, without test equipment that most of us don’t have. But even in what I believe to be the unlikely event that using the Jotunheim with unbalanced inputs/balanced outputs provides you with a maximum output capability of only 571 mw, I don’t see that as being an issue. Calculating from the efficiency spec, 571 mw into the headphones would produce an SPL of 129 db! And regarding your reference to "control," that is a function of output impedance, not maximum power capability. Output impedance is specified as "less than 0.1 ohms, balanced or SE, at both gain settings," which is negligible in relation to the 70 ohm impedance of the phones.

Best regards,
-- Al
"The Jotunheim is balanced differential. Meaning it will not turn a single-ended connection to a "Fake" balanced connection. You may notice more power from using the balanced headphone output with a single-ended input but I cannot speculate on that."
Just a FWIW: this response really doesn't make sense! So I can understand there being some confusion.

If the input to the "Jotunheim is balanced differential", then it will not matter if you are driving it single-ended or balanced. This is because a differential amplifier does not care what its inputs are - it just amplifies what is different between its inverting and noninverting inputs. So if one of  those inputs as at ground as is the case with a single-ended input, it will amplify that. So its gain will not change nor will its distortion. That is, if it is balanced differential.

You won't hurt anything by trying the hookup! Our products are also balanced differential and what this means is that it usually does not matter to the gain of the amp if the XLR or RCA connection is used.
Just a FWIW: this response really doesn’t make sense! So I can understand there being some confusion.

And, unfortunately, that is a common theme where Schiit customer service and technical support are concerned.

I am not schooled in electronics. I have used a Cambridge DacMagic 200M into a McIntosh MHA200 tube headphone amp using balanced XLR connectors. The Chord Mojo 2, unlike the DacMagic, only has a headphone jack for output. I inquired of Chord whether it could be used as a DAC for a Decware Zen Taboo tube headphone amp, which has only XLR and RCA, and was told that I needed to attain a 3v output from the Mojo 2, which could be accomplished by pressing the volume button exactly 41 times. I assume that this would allow me to use a headphone plug to XLR or RCA adapter. Can someone please explain why I need to create a 3v output from the Chord Mojo 2? I assume it must have something to do with balanced v. unbalanced connections, but I really don't understand what they do. Thanks!