Hi Jaybe,
It would be extremely rare for that issue to arise in the case of a preamp.
As I mentioned that issue would arise in cases such as power amps where the designer anticipated that only one of the two inputs (XLR or RCA) would be connected. And of course nearly all preamps providing XLR and RCA inputs are designed to accept signals from different components that may be simultaneously connected to those inputs, and therefore the signals on those inputs would be kept separate internally.
I vaguely recall once reading a description of a preamp which might have been a very rare exception to that on some of its inputs, but it was not an ARC product.
And in any event such an occurrence would be immediately noticeable as a 6 db reduction in volume (since only one of the two signals in the balanced signal pair would be processed), and probably also as a degradation in sonics. With damage (to the source component in that situation, not to the preamp) being very unlikely to occur unless the system is used in that condition over a long period of time. Perhaps even months or never, depending on the particular design.
Best regards,
-- Al