MQA and the "Pre Ring - Post Ring" Hoax


There's been a lot of misinformed babble on various audio forums about impulse response, digital filters, "time errors", "time correction", "time blurring", and similar pseudo science clap trap to convince audiophiles that suddenly in the year 2018, there's something drastically wrong with digital PCM audio - some 45 years after this landmark technology was developed by Philips Electronics engineers. Newsflash folks - it's a scam.

First, let's take a close look at what an impulse or discontinuity signal really is. The wikipedia definition actually is pretty accurate thanks to a variety of informed contributors from around the globe. It is a infinite aperiodic summation of sinusoidal waves combined to produce what looks like a spike (typically voltage for our purposes) in a signal. Does such a thing ever occur in nature or more importantly in our case - music? Absolutely not. In fact, the only things close to it are the voltage spikes that occur when a switch contact is thrown or an amplifier output stage clips because supply voltage to reproduce the incoming signal waveform has been exceeded. So if this freak of nature signal representation doesn't exist in nature or music, of what good is it in measuring the accuracy of audio equipment? The answer might surprise you.

In fact, impulse response, or an audio system's response to an impulse signal, is one of the most useful and accurate representations in existence of such a system's linearity and precision - or its fidelity to an original signal that is fed to it.  A lot of  focus has been placed on the pre and post ringing of these "discontinuity signals"  but what you have to understand is that the ripple artifacts are nothing more than an analog system's (all electronics is analog -digital is just a special subset of analog) limitation in attempting to construct the impulse or discontinuity signal waveform. They are a result of the impact produced by the energy storage devices themselves in creating the signal. To create a large energy peak, you need large storage devices. The larget the capacitor for example, the longer in time it takes for it to absorb and discharge electric field energy. This is the same with inductors. One type stores electric field energy - the other magnetic. Smaller value capacitors can react to voltage changes very quickly but are limited in the peak value of energy that can be stored and dissipated. But if you combine a large number of high value and low value devices in a circuit and apply a voltage spike, you wind up with the kind of oscillations you see in an impulse response graph. Small capacitors for example, rapidly reach their charge capacity and can discharge into larger capacitors that are much more slowly building up charge in the transition from no input voltage to full spike value. This "sloshing around", if you will, or oscillation is what happens in circuits built to provide extreme voltage attenuations. In a linear, time invariant system, any rapid change in frequency response or time response - has these characteristics.
So effectively the entire debate about ringing in digital audio is a misnomer - a hoax. The impulse response ripple is not something that happens in real world sounds or in a properly designed audio reproduction chain. Ever since digital oversampling was developed in consumer products in the early 1980s, there has been no need for steep analog filter circuits with their attendant ringing. The problem very simply DOES NOT EXIST. The ringing generated  artificially in an impulse signal is useful in that it provides a very high frequency stimulus to linear audio systems as  a means of measuring high frequency and transient response. IT IN NO WAY BY ITSELF, REPRESENTS THE TIME DOMAIN BEHAVIOR OF THE AUDIO REPRODUCTION CHAIN. An accurate audio reproduction system should fully render the impulse signal in all its pre and post ring glory without alteration. Any audio system that eliminates or significantly alters this pre/post ringing present in the signal that is fed to it is not truly "high fidelity" and is thus bandwidth limited.
cj1965
@ejr1953

It's hard to say exactly what is causing perceived "glare" by some vinyl fans with respect to digital. In the early days of digital as we've acknowledged above, steep filters were used to accommodate the sampling rate that was marginally above the frequency limit of human hearing. These filters were vulnerable to component tolerance changes over time - an even greater source of potential sound quality problems beyond the large phase shifts they introduced. With the advent of widespread oversampling in the industry - that problem essentially disappeared. But the underlying  "improvements" of digital technology I believe may be more the cause of the alleged "glare" some complain about. By virtue of its extremely high precision, bandwidth, and linearity capabilities, digital audio has the ability to accurately render extreme high and extreme low frequency source material like never before. Vinyl encoding - although pretty wide bandwidth, never could provide the same dynamic range -especially at the frequency extremes. The signal had to be compressed to keep distortion generated at the stylus from skyrocketing - particularly at high frequencies. There were a host of other problems that CD technology ameliorated like the high frequency loss created when the tone arm approached the center of the vinyl album - due to a substantial reduction in effective stylus-over-groove speed. Baked in tonearm tracking error was another problem fixed. CD's went way beyond what most perceive to be the primary advantage - no contact laser light eliminating wear and tear degradation altogether. If you want to learn more about the myriad of headaches and limitations of vinyl, you can read about them here:
https://www.emusician.com/how-to/mastering-vinyl

The bottom line to my theory about perceived differences is that when you grow up listening to a technology that has all these limitations built in, when they are suddenly removed, the new changes (full capacity to render all dynamic high frequency content without measurable distortion) can be unsettling or "unwelcome". We tend to be creatures of habit that like what we're used to. Compounding this problem in the early days was that recording industry techniques were well established - you might even say entrenched. Added high frequency bias built into the recording approach could easily appear "hyped" in the new technology format. So it was important for recording engineers to find a new balance with the new technology and not stick with the same old mic /mixing techniques that worked before. This clearly didn't happen in all cases.

Pre-ringing is certainly unnatural and contrived. Whether it is audible depends on the amplitude and the quality of the system IME. Post-ringing is natural and expected if a system is not critically damped. Certainly better to minimize it though.

I have heard several DAC’s at shows that were touting their apodizing filters, which virtually eliminate pre-ringing, but always at the expense of adding higher amplitude post-ringing. Never liked the sound of any of them. I believe I can hear the post-ringing.

The more important aspect of impulse and step response of a DAC IMO is whether the impulse actually achieves the maximum amplitude or not. This is my problem with Jon Atkinsons impulse measurements in Stereophile reviews. The impulse plot never shows the amplitude scale. I suspect that the power subsystems of most DACs don’t allow the impulse to get to full amplitude.

The Overdrive SE and SX DACs do. The power subsystem is instrumental in achieving this and this is what sets some DACs apart from others.  Here are some plots of the Overdrive SE.  The SX is even better.

http://www.empiricalaudio.com/images/products/overdrive/Graph_OutputBalXLR_ImpulseResponse96k.png

The 96K plot is with the digital filter set for 192. I can manually select them on the Overdrive DAC.

http://www.empiricalaudio.com/images/products/overdrive/Graph_OutputBalXLR_ImpulseResponse192k.png

Steve N.

Empirical Audio

Thanks Steve for your input. I am a little confused by what you meant to say here, though:

"Pre-ringing is certainly unnatural and contrived. Whether it is audible depends on the amplitude and the quality of the system IME. Post-ringing is natural and expected if a system is not critically damped. Certainly better to minimize it though."

My understanding with an ideal Dirac Delta signal approximation is that the harmonics prior to the signal peak have the same spectral content as those appearing post peak - demonstrating symmetry. If pre pulse harmonics are missing from the response via either filtering or the addition of masking noise, then the post peak ripple or harmonics should likewise be missing - leaving only the expected "natural" ringing from the device under test. I'm assuming that was what you were saying above.

Thanks again for your input.

Best Regards

cj

In a normal digital or analog signal, there is no reason to have analog ringing prior to the signal making a transition. Ringing always occurs after the signal transition and only if the signal is not critically damped by some means, such as impedance matching. The energy of signal transition is what causes the ringing. That is what I meant by natural.

Steve N.

Empirical Audio

My only question to anybody,
How would HQ player relate to any of this?

Kenny.