Does anyone care to ask an amplifier designer a technical question? My door is open.


I closed the cable and fuse thread because the trolls were making a mess of things. I hope they dont find me here.

I design Tube and Solid State power amps and preamps for Music Reference. I have a degree in Electrical Engineering, have trained my ears keenly to hear frequency response differences, distortion and pretty good at guessing SPL. Ive spent 40 years doing that as a tech, store owner, and designer.
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Perhaps someone would like to ask a question about how one designs a successfull amplifier? What determines damping factor and what damping factor does besides damping the woofer. There is an entirely different, I feel better way to look at damping and call it Regulation , which is 1/damping.

I like to tell true stories of my experience with others in this industry.

I have started a school which you can visit at http://berkeleyhifischool.com/ There you can see some of my presentations.

On YouTube go to the Music Reference channel to see how to design and build your own tube linestage. The series has over 200,000 views. You have to hit the video tab to see all.

I am not here to advertise for MR. Soon I will be making and posting more videos on YouTube. I don’t make any money off the videos, I just want to share knowledge and I hope others will share knowledge. Asking a good question is actually a display of your knowledge because you know enough to formulate a decent question.

Starting in January I plan to make these videos and post them on the HiFi school site and hosted on a new YouTube channel belonging to the school.


128x128ramtubes
@teo_audio  
They left shaking their heads because when they compare the same preamps one at a time they "think" they hear big differences.

They do hear big differences at home. No doubt about it.

Long term listening does reveal bigger differences than short term listening of unfamiliar complex systems, rooms, etc.

Especially unstressed at home ---long term differences being notable -- with the entire home package being a familiar.

Anything else being paraded about....is well, horsepuckey of the most damaging kind.

Read up on listening tests and the human ear. It’s not a machine, it’s biological, and is individual and has learning curves, and these aspects take time. the ear is a living moving changing variable. and different in every single person. Seven billion different sets of hearing.

It even possesses intelligence and capacities levels like minds and IQ. Yet most people don’t mention these entirely obvious realities. Like your eyes, and mind, they come with a almost totally blank page, and you build it out from some very basic starter forms.. You learn your way to hearing, with your individual package that has as much variation in individuals as does IQ.

Bamboozling them with a test that no one can pass, without adequate amount of time spent in front of it, does not substitute for hearing knowledge and skill/


There was no bamboozling and nothing like the pseudoscience you propose on your website.  http://www.teoaudio.com/technical/

I ran into you on the cable threads. This thread is about answering questions. 

Please leave us alone. 


@jdjohn   Any thoughts on kits like this modeled after the Dynaco ST-70?  http://www.tubes4hifi.com/bob.htm#ST70  This isn't a mod or upgrade for stock ST70s, but a kit for building a brand-new amp. Some of the design changes are listed under 'ST70 amplifier features' if you scroll down the page a bit.


Looks good. I like to see the 3 tube driver board. Do they have a schematic?

The original single  7199 tube driver was flawed by tube to tube variations. Some good 7199 would bias up in a region that actually produced a lot of distortion and reduced power. There are many 3 tube drivers. I would like to know more about theirs. 

The kit looks good and priced well. 
@cakyol I am therefore using 1800 VA toroidal and a 270 amp rectifier. Caps are 4 x 47,000 uF but s I mentioned, at 85 degrees C the caps are rated at 2000 hours. Therefore they are the weakest links in the amp. I saw some Nichicons with 105 degrees C at 10000 hours but they were about $250 EACH (phew). The rectifier, altho likely to be used for welding applications, has soft switch characteristics AND it is quit fast, so would be suitable for audio.


Electrolytic cap life is much longer than the ratings. Im not sure why they are being so conservative. Perhaps thats all they want to guarantee. They all do it. I was surprised by it too when I first saw the short lifetime. My experience was that the life was much longer.  

I have nice nichcon caps in my RM-9s that ate 35 years old and just fine. They probably run at 150 F.. The thing that kills lytics is the loss of moisture over time. If the moisture stays in the caps go on forever.

So you dont need to spend $250 each. Those older caps on eBay will suit you fine, expecially if they are NOS. If one fails, no biggie since you know what to do. Please fuse accordingly with the lowest current slow blow that will get you past the inrush or come up with an inrush limiting device.


Roger nice job handling Teo. IMO he embodies everything that is wrong in high end audio these days. 
@bdp24 

@ramtubes, I finally got around to reading the review by Herb Reichert of the Cary SLI-100 in the December Stereophile. Damn, what a piece of junk! Cary specs the amp at 100w/ch from a pair of KT150 power tubes per channel; John Atkinson, using 1% THD and noise as the definition of clipping, measured the amp’s output from the 8 ohm tap into an 8 ohm load as a mere 3.2 watts! Out of a pair of KT150’s! You have to work REALLY hard to make an amplifier that bad. Whomever designed this boat anchor should find a new line of work; amplifier design is obviously beyond his abilities. 3.2 watts/ch for $5995? Not a "very good value" ;-) .

And what does this tell us about Herb Reichert, who very much likes the sound the amp produces? That Herb apparently likes distortion, I would say. You are now justified in completely disregarding anything and everything Reichert has to say about hi-fi. If one "likes" a power amp this bad, what doesn’t one like?

RM: "He (Harry Pearson) was an idiot." At an instore talk in the 1980’s at a S. California hi-fi shop to introduce a new product, Bill Johnson told this story about Pearson: Bill had sent Harry a new pre-amp for evaluation and review, and soon received a call from HP, saying the pre was defective. Bill had Pearson return the pre to ARC, where it was tested and found to be operating perfectly. A phone call and questions revealed the source of the problem; Harry had installed shorting plugs, not into the pre’s unused input jacks, as they are intended to be used, but into it’s output jacks. Well duh! Should anyone that ignorant really be considered a "reviewer", and empowered as such?



Its good to have  voice of reason here. I do know Herb and he listens at low levels. Remember he was in the Single Ended camp for many years so he doesn't need much power. 

As I have said before, at very low power, less than a watt, that amp and many others will sound just fine. Its in its class A range as far as distortion is concerned. However if someone has Maggies and listens loud it will not be pleasant. If they truly need a 100 watt amp this is not the one to get.

Now HP is another matter. While he created a lot of the language we now use, some good some bad, he was essentially ignorant of electronics, amplifiers, anything technical. I am amused at the story about the shorting plugs. 

While I would enjoy having Jon Atkinson's job I would not enjoy being a reviewer. They have to come up with all sorts of drivel on everything they test. I only read the subjective review if the measurements are way off. 

We did some testing the other day with the QUAD 57. Both myself and my friend listen around 80-90 db. At those levels the 57 required only 10 volts peak. Sometimes 20 V on loud passages. Almost any amplifier can provide that. 

I plan to write up our listening session sometime soon. It is a laborioius project to make a strict, level matched A/B, not blind test. The listener knows which amp he is listening to. Its not a test of the listener, its a test of the amp.