Thiel Owners

@sgmlaw
I agree there is a good amount of art to voicing a XO. But know that Tom T has put in a mountain of homework, drawing on his own experience and that of several industry professionals with decades of knowledge/experience. The idea for these kits was introduced about one year ago and here we are still in beta version for the first model tackled. Tom has been quite deliberate and considered in his approach and has been willing to change his plan as new information is encountered. 

But even a full-time designer cannot listen to all the possible combinations. Let me just say that I lack sophisticated measuring tools but what I do have confirmed that the overall balance was not upset. And, to my ears, the end result is spectacular.

profThank You for the PM.  I enjoyed reading your speaker shoot-out from last year. You auditioned quite a number of different loudspeaker brands. Very informative, insightful.  Happy Listening!

JA - I suspect you haven't gotten satisfaction re your impedance / phase query. Technical study and understanding underlies amp loads. Here's a superficial sketch: Impedance (AC resistance) can be mechanical, electrical, inertial, etc. Voltage is the driving force. Current flows during motion / work. Phase shift occurs when current (work) lags or leads voltage (motive force). That situation exacerbates amplifier difficulties. Changing impedance and phase angles cause amp distress which is especially troublesome when reaching for max current delivery ie low impedance load.

You are correct that those top-tier, and probably all, designers know how their amp responds to 2 or 1 ohm loads under various phase angles. If that performance is exceptional or even good, they publish it. If not, they suggest its un-importance by their neglect.

Test specs can be misleading on many fronts. User success with a design proves its worth.

Jafant,

My Audio-GD 40kg dual mono power-amp is super stable and drive's the CS-2.4 with verve, some specs, 2x 250W / 8ohm - 2x 500W / 4ohm - 2x 1000W / 2ohm and max 2x 1000W / 1ohm, higher loads than 1000W will tricker the protection, there was never a situation that I heard anything going wrong and I like playing loud some times, according to my wife most times ;)

Have you guys (Andy, Beetle, Holco or Tom) found this problematic for your personal system power amps to drive? As I understand it, this is correlated in drops between 4 Ohms down to 2 Ohms across much of the speakers' frequencies. 3 Ohm nominal.

The impedance of a speaker can be a bit complicated (but it doesn't have to be).  The other side is how the amp drives the speakers if the amp is a no-feedback or feedback design.

In general, the higher the impedance is the better but that statement is a bit overly simplified since higher at some frequencies may not be good.  In most speakers, the impedance is lowest at low freq. around 100 - 200 hz and rises toward the higher freq.  The low freq is where most amp will have issue if it stays too low.  I think the impedance of 3ohm or above is probably OK, but below 3ohm, some low power amp probably will have problem.  At high frequencies, low impedance is usually not an issue since high frequencies do not demand as much current vs. low freq.

As the freq. rises higher, you probably don't want impedance to get too high (due to inductance rising) which will result in treble harshness.  In some speakers, there is an "impedance correction network" to reduce the rising impedance so that it won't be a problem for tube amplifiers.  So this is where high impedance is not good either.  

As for impedance angle, it is mostly negative (capacitive) at low freq. and gets more positive (inductance) at higher frequencies.  As long as there is not excessive swing from negative to positive, it should be fine.  In general, you don't want the phase angle excessive negative at low frequencies and excessively positive at high frequencies.  Too negative angle at low freq. will be hard to amp to drive.  Too positive at high frequencies may result in treble harshness.  In general, capacitive load demands more current and reduces dynamic, whereas inductive load causes high frequencies issue.  

The other side is the amp design.  Some amp are design with no feedback and some with feedback.  Most people agree that no feedback is better sounding vs. feedback.  But amp with no feedback are more sensitive to speaker impedance swing so it is a trade off.  Interestingly enough, most low cost amplifiers are designed with relatively high feedback because it costs a lot more to design a good amp with no feedback.  Tube amps tend to be most sensitive to impedance since most of them are designed with very little feedback or no feedback at all and exacerbated because tubes usually don't have a lot of drive current. 

For those who are interested in feedback vs. no feedback argument, there is a good article from PASS lab that I included the link below:
http://www.firstwatt.com/pdf/art_dist_fdbk.pdf