Of course masks properly worn can protect you if of the N95 or good filtering type. Your statement is all a bunch of if .. if .. if. The most likely action is the drop is in the air and you inhale it. Flow studies and simulations have shown this is the most likely airborn transfer ... inhaled, though eyes can be a transfer point (ears? .. not heard that). The mask does prevent you from touching your mouth and nose, and after you take off your mask, you should sanitize your hands. Someone sneezing on you is not normal.
If someone who has the virus whether he knows it or not sneezes in your general direction the cloud of Water droplets carrying the virus can land anywhere on your face, hands, hair, not only on the mask. You can get infected via the ears and eyes or by rubbing your face at some later point in time your hands. Plus you can handle mask with droplets on it later unwittingly. So, no, actually the mask will not protect you. It offers a false sense of security if you think you can’t contract the virus by wearing a mask in public.