My ad hoc tests with audiophiles says otherwise, however, you start from 2 false premises. 1) that a turntable has not already thrown away information. It has thrown away a ton of information. 2) That given a turntable has already thrown away a ton of information and the ear/brain has some limits i.e. bandwidth, can a digitized system collect all the usable information on a vinyl system such that the output is indistinguishable from the input. You haven't presented an argument that that is not true.
Indistinguishably? No
Adequately? Possibly
When you digitize a file you select some of the information to keep and some to discard.