I don't have any experience with i2s, but every other digital interface/cable that I have used still has problems with shorter cables. This includes HDMI, S/PDIF, USB.
Since i2s is just about the same as S/PDIF, but without the S/PDIF wrapper, it would be my opinion that shorter cables would still have problems.
The problems with short cables has to do with the square waveform digital pulses being reflected at the receiver back down the cable to the source. These reflections alter and distort the new pulses being generated at the source transport. Since i2s is just another digital square waveform format, I would imagine that it's still affected by short cable problems.