Okay so $5k. So what else? Are we starting from scratch? Or do you have something like speakers you can use? Everything counts. If you have an iPod or cell phone with music on it, that's a source. You mention turntable first which is right, the turntable is The First among Equals. But you don't mention records, which a turntable kind of needs.
Generally speaking, with that kind of budget and wanting to play records the smart (read, cost-effective) thing is to look for an integrated amp with a built-in phono stage. However- and this is kind of a big however- you need to know a few things about that. The phono stage is a huge factor in sound quality, and stand-alone phono stages are almost always way better than built-ins. In other words just this one seemingly simple decision revolves around a bunch of things like how you prioritize "serious" sit-down listening (turntable rules) over background tunes (DAC will do) and other things like long term plans.
Component choices in other words are different for the guy who wants a system and that's it, done, than the guy for whom this system is just the first step on a long journey.
