How is the decision made to produce a vinyl record on different

I suspect mainly marketing.  Put it on 180 and suddenly it's "audiophile quality"  While some formulations are definitely quieter I've never heard a correlation between vinyl weight and SQ in my system.

Both Michael Hobson (Classic Records) and Chad Kassem (Analogue Productions) discovered that 200 grams is too much PVC for the presses, 180 grams a good maximum figure. The only scientific way to ascertain the benefits vs. liabilities of different weight LP's is to take the source tape and produced different weight records, then compare them by listening. As far as I know, no one has yet done that. That would be a great question to ask of Kassem.

Marketing department generates ad copy. Production looks at ad copy sets pressing accordingly. I know what you're thinking. 45, one-side blank, remaster (digital or otherwise), same thing.