How important is the pre-amp?


Hello all,

Genuine request here for other's experiences.

I get how power amps can make really significant changes to the sound of a system. And of course speakers have an even bigger effect. And then there is the complicated relationship between the speaker and power amp. But I wonder about pre-amps.

In theory a well designed preamp should just act as a source switch and volume control. But does it add (or ruin) magic? Can a pre-amp color the sound? Alter pace and timing? Could you take a great sounding system and spoil it with the wrong preamp? Stereophile once gushed (while reviewing a preamp that cost as much as a car) that the preamp was the heart of the system, setting the tone of everything. Really? Some people don't even bother with a preamp, feeding their DACs straight into the power amp. Others favor passive devices, things without power. If one can get a perfectly good $2K preamp, why bother with 20K?

What your experiences been?
128x128rols
In theory a well designed preamp should just act as a source switch and volume control. But does it add (or ruin) magic?


it also matches (and thus affects) source and output impedance to connected components and cabling, with sometimes significant sonic benefit (or cost)...
The preamplifier is at the heart of any great hi-fi rig.  A bit of history may be in order here.  In the 60's - the 80's nearly all preamps were full-featured. They included a phono stage, a line stage and a power supply all in one box. There are real advantages to this approach. The installation is simpler, cable requirements are simpler - it has a concentrated purpose.
All preamps of that era had single-ended circuit topology. That was the standard and had the very significant advantage of simplicity of the signal path. More recent marketing efforts promote balanced connectivity. Balanced topology imposes twice the circuitry into the signal path.  Abandoning single-ended is not an advancement.
Goals or attributes of a great preamp:
1) Straight line with gain without contributing to the sound thus preserving micro and macro details, etc.
2) Lo distortion
3) No noise (good signal to noise)
4) Two outputs
5) Adjustable gain and cartridge loading in the phono stage
6) Multiple stages of power supply filtering/regulation and a processor for control
7) Multiple line stage inputs
8) Line stage input with unity gain pass thru for Home Theater
9) Simple remote control
10) Able to drive long interconnects
This is not easy to accomplish by anyone's measure.  The market is full of preamps that fail pretty badly at either one or more of these goals.  After all, there are no standards and specifications are unlikely to give you any scene or what the preamp will sound like. Auditioning several will be best solution for choosing.
All of you in the "balanced only amplifier world" will have to seek out a "balanced" preamp.


That was the standard and had the very significant advantage of simplicity of the signal path. More recent marketing efforts promote balanced connectivity. Balanced topology imposes twice the circuitry into the signal path. Abandoning single-ended is not an advancement.
@perazzi28 This statement is false. The best way to implement fully balanced circuitry without transformers is to go fully differential. This does not require 'twice the circuitry'. Add about 50% and you will be closer. And there are advantages: for example for a given stage of gain, you can have up to nearly 6dB less noise, and distortion will be reduced as well. In addition the circuit is far less sensitive to power supply noise and of course can reject noise at its input caused by hum fields and like impinged on the interconnect cable.


The cost of the parts does not seem to be a consideration; there are a good number of balanced line preamps available that are less expensive than single-ended preamp with which they easily compete.


Finally the balanced line system was created with two purposes; the first to eliminate ground loops, the second to eliminate the artifact of interconnect cables (if you've ever heard a difference between interconnect cables you know what I'm talking about). To make this happen there is a standard (which does not exist for single-ended connections so its a bit of the wild west 70 years on since hifi was created). It is known as AES48. FWIW, most 'high end' balanced audio products don't support the standard, which means that not all the benefits of going balanced will be realized with such equipment. If you've based your comments on hearing such gear, its no surprise you've come to your conclusion. But once you've heard balanced line executed correctly there's no going back. The improvement isn't subtle.
as ralph said

The best way to implement fully balanced circuitry without transformers is to go fully differential. This does not require 'twice the circuitry'. Add about 50% and you will be closer. And there are advantages: for example for a given stage of gain, you can have up to nearly 6dB less noise, and distortion will be reduced as well. In addition the circuit is far less sensitive to power supply noise and of course can reject noise at its input caused by hum fields and like impinged on the interconnect cable.


audio research figured this out and thus implemented differential amplification circuits long long ago...