It's interesting to read all the opinions and theories as well as all the "facts" from the "experts".
I'll stick to my experience. My experience is that the amount of difference the record cleaner makes depends primarily on the record itself.
I have a VPI HW 16.5 vacuum cleaner and a KLAUDIO LP200 ultrasonic cleaner. I've had and used the VPI for a few years. The LP200 is a fairly recent acquisition.
If you buy used records, I recommend a record cleaning machine. You never know what might be on them. There may be very little to no difference in sound quality after cleaning or there may be a dramatic difference. It depends on the record and how it was cared for. The previous owner may have cleaned it or it may have started life as a very clean record and been well cared for.
If you buy only new records, you may still benefit from a record cleaning machine. They often show up in crappy paper liners with lots of dust on them. Sometimes the pressing itself is bad, with lots of noise, ticks, and pops. No amount of cleaning can fix a poorly pressed record. On the other hand, more than once I've plopped a brand new record on the table before cleaning it and have been really surprised at how much better (quieter) it sounded after cleaning.
As mentioned by some, cleaning seems to help with static.
My vacuum machine and my ultrasonic machine both do a great job. There are pros and cons to each.
The VPI cost a lot less than the LP200. It's much faster to clean a record. The LP200 is fully automated, but takes much longer (9 minutes) to clean and dry a record. The LP200 takes up a little less space. The LP200 only needs distilled water, which while cheap, has been in short supply at times recently. The VPI uses special cleaning solution, which is relatively inexpensive. I like the Audio Intelligent one-step #6. Some folks use multiple solutions/passes with their vacuum machines. Both machines are loud. Since the LP200 is fully automatic, you can walk away from it and have it in another room.
As far as my practices, I'm not a fanatic about record cleaning. I always clean used records, other than some from one of my local record stores that cleans their records with a VPI. I generally don't clean new records unless they are obviously dirty or don't sound good on first play. If a record looks particularly bad, I may use both machines, using the vacuum machine first to get most of the junk off and then a bath in the US cleaner. I've been gifted some records that looked like they should have been garbage, but actually played decent after a good cleaning.
For me, there's no one size fits all approach to record cleaning. You certainly aren't going to hurt your records by cleaning all of them before play, but it may not be necessary with all of them. Some may not benefit from cleaning at all. Some will sound dramatically better. As I said at the beginning, it depends on the record itself more than anything.